Throughout history, statistics have proven that Ca Essay Example For Students

Throughout history, statistics have proven that Ca Essay pital Punishment or otherwise known as the death penalty, has been an effective deterrent of major crime. Capital Punishment is the We will write a custom essay on Throughout history, statistics have proven that Ca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now lawful infliction of death among criminals and has been used to punish a wide variety of offenses for many years all over the world (Bedau 16). When the death penalty is enforced, it shows society that committing a capital crime has deadly consequences. In early times, many methods of Capital Punishment were used to deter a variety of crimes. For over a century, the uniform method for executing persons in America was hanging, although starvation was very common also. There were exceptions which included spies, traitors, and deserters who would face a firing squad. Then in 1888, New York directed the construction of an electric chair (Flanders 11). It was believed that the new harnessed power of electricity would prove to be a more scientific and humane means of execution. The first electrocution took place 2 in New York in 1890. In the past, capital crimes were much different than they are now. Robbery and the selling of alcohol to underage customers was a serious capital crime (McCuen and Baumgart 21). Rape was also a crime where the criminal was sentenced to death. In America, only thirty-seven states authorize the death penalty. In most of those thirty-seven states, murder is the only capital crime. The Supreme Court requires that two conditions must be met in order for a specific murder to warrant the death penalty (Nardo 32). The first condition is that it must be first degree murder, which is the deliberate and premeditated taking of life. The second is that one or more aggravating circumstances must be present. Aggravating Circumstances refer to those aspects of a crime that increase its severity. An example of an aggravating circumstance would be torture in conjunction with a murder. (Capital Punishment 32). 3 Every society has faced the problem of what to do with its most troublesome criminals. Many people in the past have argued whether or not Capital Punishment is justified and necessary. Most societies now believe that a criminal should receive punishment proportional to the crime committed. Most societies believe that such a severe punishment was necessary to install fear in others. While more social structures developed, the crimes developed into public and private offenses. Public offenses such as witchcraft and blasphemy, were punished by the state; while private offenses still were answered by acts of personal retribution. The enforcement of Capital Punishment in the early twentieth century declined drastically because of all of the controversy. Today, many more states are taking the death penalty into consideration. 4 Methods of Capital Punishment used today are somewhat different than what was used in the past. The lethal injection method, which is by far the most common, and the electric chair are the most recently used. The gas chamber is still used but in very rare cases. In 1924, the gas chamber was introduced in Utah with a hope to still find a more humane way to execute the convicted. The gas chamber method proved itself to be a very inhumane way of execution. There were many errors while using the gas chamber. Using too little or too much of the gas was a huge factor that was constantly argued. The continuing desire for a less painful, error-free means of execution led to the development of the lethal injection method in the 1970s. Initially it was approved in Oklahoma and Texas in 1977. This method involved injecting a combination of a sedative, which is used to make the execution less painful, and a fatal .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc , .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .postImageUrl , .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc , .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:hover , .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:visited , .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:active { border:0!important; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:active , .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37d6aebe0ce1bb46e2ed7112f88116fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Essential Nile Essay 5 chemical agent into the condemned prisoners bloodstream. Lethal injection was first used to carry out the death penalty in 1982. In 1980, The American Medical Association AMA went on record to oppose the participation of any physician in an execution by lethal injection. A doctors involvment was seen as a contradiction of the professional responsibility under the Hippocratic Oath to save lives. As it now stands, no state that uses lethal injection, requires a physician to be present. The deadly solution is normally administered by medically trained technicians. There is much evidence showing that Capital Punishment is a deterrent of crime. The most persuasive research compared the homicide rates of states that did and did not prescribe the death penalty. For instance, Michigan, which abolished Capital Punishment in 1847, was . Throughout history, statistics have proven that Ca Essay Example For Students Throughout history, statistics have proven that Ca Essay 1pital Punishment or otherwise known as the death penalty, has been an effective deterrent of major crime. Capital Punishment is thelawful infliction of death among criminals and has been used topunish a wide variety of offenses for many years all over the world (Bedau 16). When the death penalty is enforced, it shows society that committing a capital crime has deadly consequences. In early times, many methods of Capital Punishment wereused to deter a variety of crimes. For over a century, the uniformmethod for executing persons in America was hanging, although starvation was very common also. There were exceptions whichincluded spies, traitors, and deserters who would face a firingsquad. Then in 1888, New York directed the construction of anelectric chair (Flanders 11). It was believed that the new harnessed power of electricity would prove to be a more scientific and humane means of execution. The first electrocution took place2in New York in 1890. We will write a custom essay on Throughout history, statistics have proven that Ca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the past, capital crimes were much different than they are now. Robbery and the selling of alcohol to underage customerswas a serious capital crime (McCuen and Baumgart 21). Rape was also a crime where the criminal was sentenced to death. In America, only thirty-seven states authorize the deathpenalty. In most of those thirty-seven states, murder is the onlycapital crime. The Supreme Court requires that two conditionsmust be met in order for a specific murder to warrant the deathpenalty (Nardo 32). The first condition is that it must be first degree murder, which is the deliberate and premeditated taking of life. The second is that one or more aggravating circumstances must be present. Aggravating Circumstances refer to those aspects of a crime that increase its severity. An example of an aggravatingcircumstance would be torture in conjunction with a murder. (Capital Punishment 32). 3Every society has faced the problem of what to do with itsmost troublesome criminals. Many people in the past have arguedwhether or not Capital Punishment is justified and necessary. Most societies now believe that a criminal should receivepunishment proportional to the crime committed. Most societiesbelieve that such a severe punishment was necessary to install fear in others. While more social structures developed, the crimesdeveloped into public and private offenses. Public offenses suchas witchcraft and blasphemy, were punished by the state; whileprivate offenses still were answered by acts of personal retribution. The enforcement of Capital Punishment in the earlytwentieth century declined drastically because of all of the controversy. Today, many more states are taking the death penaltyinto consideration. 4Methods of Capital Punishment used today are somewhatdifferent than what was used in the past. The lethal injection method, which is by far the most common, and the electric chair are the most recently used. The gas chamber is still used but in very rare cases. In 1924, the gas chamber was introduced in Utah with ahope to still find a more humane way to execute the convicted. The gas chamber method proved itself to be a very inhumaneway of execution. There were many errors while using the gas chamber. Using too little or too much of the gas was a hugefactor that was constantly argued. The continuing desire for a less painful, error-free means ofexecution led to the development of the lethal injection method inthe 1970s. Initially it was approved in Oklahoma and Texas in 1977. This method involved injecting a combination of a sedative,which is used to make the execution less painful, and a fatal 5chemical agent into the condemned prisoners bloodstream. Lethalinjection was first used to carry out the death penalty in 1982. .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c , .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .postImageUrl , .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c , .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:hover , .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:visited , .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:active { border:0!important; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:active , .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u719920d76866e0a28f6492b79b30748c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Spanish-American War EssayIn 1980, The American Medical Association AMA wenton record to oppose the participation of any physician in an execution by lethal injection. A doctors involvment was seen as acontradiction of the professional responsibility under the Hippocratic Oath to save lives. As it now stands, no state that uses lethal injection, requires a physician to be present. The deadly solution is normally administered by medically trained technicians. There is much evidence showing that Capital Punishmentis a deterrent of crime. The most persuasive research compared the homicide rates of states that did and did not prescribe the death penalty. For instance, Mic higan, which abolished Capital Punishment in 1847, was found to have had a rate higher toadjacent states, Ohio and Indiana, that were executing. Similarly,Minnesota and Rhode Island, states with no death penalty, had6many more killings then their respective neighbors Iowa andMassachusetts, which had Capital Punishment. In 1939 SouthDakota adopted and used the death penalty, and its homiciderate fell twenty percent over the next decade; North Dakotawent without Capital Punishment for the same ten years, andhomicide rates went up. Similar before and after studies in Canada, England, andother countries likewise found that the suggestion of Capital Punishment had deterred murderers better than the prospect oflong prison terms. In Britain during the 1950s, a typicallifer actually served only seven years, compared with a muchtougher average, the United States life term today of twenty years. Between 1930 and 1980 there have been 3,860 executions in the United States. Of this number 3,380 had been executedfor murder. Rape, armed robbery, burglary, and aggravated assaultno longer are capital crimes. 7Only thirty-two women have ever been executed. Since 1930half of all persons executed were non white. Over 1,200 death rowinmates were awaiting execution by 1984. In 1980, thirty-nine states had enacted death penalty laws. From 1965 to 1983 favoritism of the death penalty has risen thirty-two percent. Now, seventy percent of Americans favorCapital Punishment. Washington D.C. had the highest murder rate in the countrywith 35.1 murders per 100,000 population. Nevada is secondwith twenty, Texas with 16.9, Florida at 14.5. South Dakotahas the lowest murder rate with .7 murders per 100,000 population. Since the Supreme Court rulings in the 1970s up to 1984, only sixteen death row inmates have been executed. In America we have many criminals. Different societies havedifferent views on how these criminals should be punished. Themore harsh we are on the criminals and the more death penalties8we hand out, there will be a drastic drop in capital crime. CapitalPunishment is necessary in any imperfect society.

Free Essays on Spyware, The Newest Form Of Privacy Invasion

, and recording credit card numbers. Spywar... Free Essays on Spyware, The Newest Form Of Privacy Invasion Free Essays on Spyware, The Newest Form Of Privacy Invasion In a study of 3 million computers, over 83 million spyware programs were found. Spy-ware, which is deceitfully installed by malicious attackers, is an ever increasing problem among professional and home computer users worldwide. It not only causes performance problems for computers, but can also damage the computer’s hardware. It infects an estimated 80% of all computers worldwide, and many users have no idea what "spyware" is. Anyone who uses a computer should educate themselves on what spyware is, how it gets onto computers, and how to protect themselves. If people have no knowledge of what spyware is how can they protect their computer properly? Many people have heard about spyware and are purchasing programs to help protect their selves from it, but this is not always the best solution. Many legitimate software programs contain an information-gathering functionality that they need in order to perform properly. These include error reporting applications, troubleshooting and maintenance programs, security protocols, and Internet browsers. These small windows into computer’s security systems are there for legitimate programs that need some access to properly display their products and services, and if people install blocking tools that block all communication on those ports, then they also block the legitimate programs also. Spyware companies’ exploit this built in access to read personal or private information stored on computers. These programs can have devastating effects on a computer. Once a spyware program is installed on a computer it can be almost impossible to detect or remove. Sometimes multiple spyware programs can infect a computer and slow down the system to the point that it is almost useless. Spyware is the most commonly used tool for criminals committing identity theft. Spyware can perform many tasks, such as; recording keystrokes, recording passwords, and recording credit card numbers. Spywar...

Family Delphinidae

Family Delphinidae Delphinidae is the family of animals commonly known as the dolphins. This is the largest family of cetaceans.Members of this family are commonly called dolphins or delphinids. The Family Delphinidae includes such recognizable species as the bottlenose dolphin, the killer whale (orca), the  Atlantic white-sided dolphin,  Pacific white-sided dolphin, spinner dolphin,  common dolphin, and pilot whales. Dolphins are vertebrates and marine mammals. Origin of the Word Delphinidae The word Delphinidae comes from the Latin word delphinus, meaning dolphin. Delphinidae Species Cetaceans in the Family Delphinidae are  Odontocetes or  toothed whales. There are  38 species  in this family.   Characteristics of Delphinidae The Delphinidae are generally fast, streamlined animals with a pronounced beak, or rostrum.   Dolphins have cone-shaped teeth, an important characteristic that distinguishes them from porpoises. They have one blowhole, which distinguishes them from baleen whales, which have a pair of blowholes.   Dolphins also use echolocation to find their prey. They have an organ in their head called a melon which they use to focus clicking sounds which they produce. The sounds bounce off objects around them, including prey. In addition to its use in finding prey, delphinids also use echolocation to communicate with other dolphins and to navigate. How Big Are Dolphins? According to the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, the Delphinidae can range in size from about 4 or 5 feet (e.g., Hectors dolphin and the spinner dolphin) to about 30 feet in length (the killer whale, or orca). Where Do Dolphins Live? Delphinids live in a wide range of habitats, from coastal to pelagic areas.   Dolphins in Captivity Dolphins, especially bottlenose dolphins, are kept in captivity in aquaria and marine parks. They are also kept in some facilities for research. Some of these animals are once-wild animals that came into a rehabilitation center and were unable to be released. The first marine park in the U.S. was  Marine Studios, now known as Marineland. This park began exhibiting bottlenose dolphins in the 1930s. Since dolphins were first displayed in aquaria, the practice has become more controversial, with activists and animal welfare advocates especially concerned about the stress levels and health of captive cetaceans, especially orcas. Dolphin Conservation Dolphins are also sometimes the victims of drive hunts, which have grown more widely known and controversial. In these hunts, dolphins are killed for their meat and to be sent to aquariums and marine parks. Even before that, people advocated for the protection of dolphins, who were dying by the thousands in nets used to catch tuna. This led to the development and marketing of dolphin-safe tuna. In the U.S., all dolphins are protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act.   References and Further Information Committee on Taxonomy. 2014. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, Accessed October 31, 2015.Perrin, W. F., Wursig, B., and J.G.M. Thewissen, editors. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.

Ehics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ehics - Essay Example Active euthanasia requires some direct action which leads to death. There is not a withdrawal of life-support systems, but some affirmative action which speeds up or results in a person's death. The important point is that this type of euthanasia is done to a person who would otherwise die of natural causes. In this way, the death is sped up rather than caused. It is also important to note that active euthanasia is not the same as a mercy killing. A mercy killing occurs when the patient is unable to direct another person. In the active euthanasia situation, by contrast, the patient is aware of what is happening and is able to direct the acts of euthanasia. Thus, the patient agrees to this course of action. There are no questions as to the patient's intent. In sum, active euthanasia is the speeding up of a person's death. This person consents to the euthanasia and would, in any event, die of natural causes. There are many arguments in support of this particular type of euthanasia. As an initial matter, both common people and medical professionals argue in large numbers that prolonging a terminal illness causes unnecessary pain and suffering for the patient and for the patient's friends and family. As mentioned, the person is going to die. Why, then, should we as a moral society force these types of patients to suffer extreme physical and emotional pain Would it not be more ethical to relieve them of this pain, and cut short the trauma and the mental torture Another argument in support of active euthanasia is the stress caused to the family of the patient. There is certainly emotional pain; in addition, there may be many financial problems, too. Advanced medical care is expensive and health insurance is not always available or adequate to cover all of the medical expenses. In addition to the arguments dealing with the pain, suffering, and financial burdens associated with prolonging a terminally ill patient, there are also arguments that focus on the dignity of the patient. This is not the same thing as pain and suffering. The dignity refers to a patient's right to decide his own future. It is the patient's body, his illness, and it is presumptuous and authoritarian to take away a patient's right to determine his own treatment and fate. A patient is a free human being, and as such has the right to reject medical advice or to demand the onset of death or the withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatments. This type of argument, however, assumes that the person is rational and not suffering from a mental illness. A final type of argument in support of active euthanasia is concerned more with society than with an individual patient or his family. There is an argument that medical resources are limited, often expensive, and that it would be foolish to waste these resources on patients who are going to die anyway. Why allocate precious resources to a losing situation when they might be better and more effectively used on other patients In sum, there are many arguments in favor of active euthanasia. First, this practice can relieve the patient of pain and suffering. Second , it can relieve his family from emotional pain and possible financial disasters. Third, this is a personal and private decision which should be made by the individual patient. Finally, it is foolish to waste precious medical resources on pati

Social protections in Europe are too generous. Discuss Essay - 1

Social protections in Europe are too generous. Discuss - Essay Example ed in a context characterized by high economic growth, low employment, strong national states, and limited international competition faced by domestic firms. These social protection systems also generated high levels of expenditure, which weighed heavily on public budgets. High levels of public expenditures on social protection had their roots in decisions made to create and extend public programmes in the field of education, health, old age and other areas. Basically overall level of social expenditures in motivating reforms is the way in which these expenditures are distributed among the population (Lynch, 2001). The forces of globalization and technological progress also affect social protection. While both of these factors have improved economic efficiency and living standards, they have also increased cost- competitions among firms, and generated pressures to reduce the cost of social protection. The various national systems of social protection are deeply rooted in the member s tates of the European union. Social convergence with the EU has since long been an important goal. In accordance with the European council Decision establishing the social protection committee, it acts as a forum for exchange regarding policy developments in respect of achievement of four objectives endorsed by the council to enhance policy cooperation in the area of social protection, namely: to make work pay and provide secure income; to make pension safe and pension systems sustainable; to promote social inclusion; to ensure high quality and sustainable health care. Series of mandates have been handed down by the European Council Progress has not been achieved at the same rate across the different policy branches. Progress has been strongest in the domain of social inclusion with the submission of national action plans by the member states in June 2001. A similar stage should have been reached in respect of national pension strategy reports in which the social protection committe e

Managing Workforce Diversity Essay example -- Workplace Diversity

Introduction Without a doubt, the greatest asset an organization can have is its human resource. Therefore, issues affecting the staff have increasingly become popular among business managers, scholars, policy makers and other stake holders. One of the issues that have particularly generated sufficient interest is managing workforce diversity. O’leary & Weathington (2006) defines diversity simply as way of differentiating one person from another. Diversity is about recognizing and appreciating the uniqueness of each person. People can be different in terms of race, sexual orientation, age, gender and physical abilities just to mention a few (Burke 2007). As a result, workforce diversity has become a major business concern. Managing it should not be merely motivated by the potential of increasing the profit margin, but also should be to ensure the working environment is conducive, safe and nurturing (O’leary & Weathington 2006). Any business that manages its workforce effectively is bound to enjoy a number of benefits. Advantages of Workforce diversity It would be hypocritical not to acknowledge the fact that most business primarily exist with an intention of profit maximization. As result most of the organization activities will be geared towards achieving this goal. Efficient management of the workforce diversity can accelerate the process by increasing the company’s competitive edge (Ongori & Agolla 2007). O’leary & Weathington (2006) pointed out that are diversified staff is likely to be more creative, innovative and generally possess a relatively high ability of coming up with quality work. As oppose to a homogeneous group, when a diverse group get acquainted to each other, their job performance becomes superior due to an ... ...orkforce, they have been reaping the sumptuous benefits. Works Cited BMO Financial Group c 2010, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion [Online] available from [17th Dec 2010]. Browder, LM & Miller 2009, Workforce Diversity: The Big Blue Case, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Burke, LM 2007, Managing the Diverse Workforce Effectively, Rutledge, London. IBM c 2007, Global workforce diversity [online] available from [17th Dec 2010] O’Leary, BJ & Weathington, BL 2006, ‘Beyond the Business Case for Diversity in Organisations’, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Dec, vol 18, issue 4, pp1-10. Ongori, H & Agolla, JE 2007, ‘Critical Review of Literature on Workforce Diversity’, Africa Journal of Business Management, pp 72-76.

Loyalty

LOYALTY In the play as the audience we witness loyalty in two different ways. It can be referred as loyalty and disloyalty, but I want to emphasize on loyalty in the concepts of one which the loyalty that audience seeks in a character as a true man and the other one is which the loyalty that the character shows to themselves. In the play we see the loyalty of Macbeth to himself where he murders King Duncan in order to take the crown. This proves his loyalty to his own ambitions and desires. Also murder of Banquo is another example where it is seen that Macbeth murders a loyal friend in order to protect his crown. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none† (Shakespeare 103)This prophecy from the witches trigger his protection system for upcoming events when he becomes the king and he fears that all the prophecies will come true. As a result he murders Banquo. Concept of loyalty is referred many times in the play. At the beginning the audience witnesses the disloyalty of the Than e of Cawdor and his punishment . This example shows the different understanding of loyalty once more. Thane o Cawdor was a loyal man to Norway, yet because of his position in Scotland he is accepted as disloyal.In the play the most loyal character is referred as Macduff. Loyalty of Macduff is questioned by Malcom. †It is myself I mean-in whom I know all the particulars of vice so grafted, that when they shall be opened, black Macbeth will seem as pure as snow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shakespeare 184)In his speech Malcom refers himself as a king worse than Macbeth. He tries to resolve Macduff’s aim in coming to England. Malcom reviles himself to see the reaction of Macduff in order to learn about his intentions. Meaning if he is a loyal man to his country or not. These evils thou repeat’st upon thyself hath banished me from Scotland. O my breast, thy hope ends here. † (Shakespeare 187)After this speech Malcom and also the audience trusts his loyalty because he talks a bout his beloved country and his lost hopes when he learns the truth about Malcom. This concept of loyalty is what explained as the expectation of the audience from a true man. As a result in the play loyalty is a trait given to a character when they are loyal to the audience’s expectations and also to themselves. Shakespeare, William, Macbeth. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.