Raw Materials from Food Synthesis to Make Energy for Animals

Animals use the food they eat as a source of energy. Cells within the body use the raw materials from the food eaten to synthesize new molecules to obtain the energy. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. The three main stages of Cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain (Miller, Levine 2002). Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, which is a three-carbon compound. Although glycolysis releases energy, the cell needs a small amount of energy to start the process. At the beginning of glycolysis two molecules of ATP, adenine triphosphate, are used up for energy. When the process of glycolysis is complete the cell will have produced four molecules of ATP. One of the glycolysis reactions takes four high-energy electrons and transports them to an electron carrier molecule known as NAD+, nic otinamide adenine dinucleotide. This molecule accepts the electrons and keeps them until they are transferred to other molecules. NAD+ passes energy from the glucose all around the different parts and passages of the cell (Miller, Levine 2002). Thousands of ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis in only milliseconds because the process is so fast. Another helpful factor that speeds up the reaction is that glycolysis does not require oxygen. However, if the cell produces too many ATPShow MoreRelatedChemical Reaction On Energy And Carbon1555 Words   |  7 PagesTask 3 Research – Energy and Carbon Energy: Photosynthesis can be considered the most important chemical reaction on Earth. Most life on Earth is maintained using energy stored in the carbohydrate glucose produced by photosynthesis. Green plants contain chlorophylls, pigments, which have the ability to trap light energy. The trapped light energy is changed into chemical energy, which is stored in carbohydrates such as glucose (C6H12O6). Photosynthesis means building up, synthesis, and using lightRead MoreHow Does Dairy Production Affect The Environment? Why Is Milk Processed?1353 Words   |  6 PagesWhen you buy food to eat, do you think of the effects it has on the environment? It is easy to overlook the environmental impacts of our food because it is spread across different varieties of species. From plants to animals, from production to transportation, from hunting to growing food, all of these have big impacts on the world today. How does dairy production effect the environment? Why is milk processed? Milk is a nutritious food that has a short shelf-life and needs to be handled carefullyRead MoreNutrition in Plants – Mineral Nutrition3545 Words   |  15 PagesNutrition in Plants – Mineral Nutrition- essential minerals for plant growth MODULE - 2 Forms and Function of Plants and Animals 9 Notes NUTRITION IN PLANTS – MINERAL NUTRITION Sometimes you may observe that a potted plant kept in sunlight and provided with sufficient water does not grow. Its leaves look pale and weak. Plant may not even flower properly. Such a situation is an indication, that the plant may not be getting all that is required for normal growth and development. In most of suchRead MoreEssay On Microalgae1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe chief strategy for most algal biodiesel makers is to isolate the algal species that have a high oil content, that will also grow rapidly to make biodiesel, biocrude and drop-in fuels. Algae with high oil content such as Botryococcus braunii (Bb) grow gradually and can be harvested only limited times throughout a week, whereas algae with lesser oil content such as Dunaliella or Nannochloropsis (about 30% range) will develop more rapidly and can be harvested daily or even a few times a day. ForRead MoreAn Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Treatment of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse for the Extraction of Hemicellulose814 W ords   |  3 PagesHydrothermal treatment can be used for the on-farm processing of lignocellulosic materials. This study investigated the hydrothermal treatment of sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) powder for the extraction of hemicellulose from it. Changes in chemical composition of SSB and the formation of sugars and hydrolytic products were studied. The optimum conditions of 12.54% (g/g) substrate concentration and 90 minutes of isothermal treatment residence time at 394 K were conducive to the extraction of 72.61-72Read MoreFossil Fuel And Its Effects On The World Economy1932 Words   |  8 PagesIn the current era, fossil fuel is a necessity in our everyday life, for not only it is used as an energy source, but also due to the high rate of dependability on the fuel itself. The recent drop in oil prices caused an enormous impact on the world economy, especially to the countries that are highly dependent on the fuel industry. The United States also are affected by this situation. O ne suggestion and a major change, in order to reduce the high dependency on the fossil fuel and to overcome theRead MoreAbout Cells Essay2434 Words   |  10 Pagessingle cells whereas animals and plants are composed of many millions of cells assembled into tissues and organs. Although viruses and cell-free extracts are able to perform many individual functions of a living cell, they lack the capacity shown by cells of independent survival, growth, and replication and are therefore not considered to be living. Biologists study cells to learn how cells are made from molecules and how cells co-operate to make an organism as complex asRead More Vegetarianism is the Better Choice Essay2656 Words   |  11 PagesThe trend of abstaining from eating meat and other animal products is a rapidly growing one. According to David Bender in Animal Rights Opposing Viewpoints, â€Å"Today, nearly twenty million Americans are vegetarians, and many more have greatly reduced their meat consumption† (139). One meat-eating person may ponder why these non-meat eaters would deprive themselves of the wonderful taste of meat and animal products. Another concern is over nutrition, mainly protein intake. Many meat eaters believe thatRead MoreFish Amino Acid Fertilizer4964 Words   |  20 PagesAttorney, Agent or Firm:Young amp; Thompson Claims:What is claimed is: 1. A method of producing an organic fertilizer by using fish, said method comprising the steps of preparing a raw material containing more than 80% of fish heads, boiling the raw material to obtain a stock, removing solids and oil contents from the stock to obtain stock liquid, thereafter treating the stock liquid in a decomposition tank with decomposing enzyme for enzyme decomposition, filtering the enzyme-decomposed stockRead MoreVitamins and Minerals in Modern Society7964 Words   |  32 PagesAppendix 6: Mineral content changes from 1941 to 1991 Introduction In modern day society eating habits and daily nutrition has changed a lot since the days of our ancestors. Is our daily nutrition sufficient enough to enable us to live a normal and healthy lifestyle, in other words, does our eating habits supply us with sufficient vitamins and minerals? There is so many factors to consider, what do we eat, how much do we eat, and what affects the quality of food that we eat? The reason why

Manager Interview Essay - 1137 Words

I chose to interview Regina Geis, who holds the administrative role as acting supervisor for the County Mental Health adult day program, which provides services for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Ms. Geis has held this position for 15 months. This is her first managerial position within a human service agency. Her style of management has changed over this short period of time. She feels that she is now more direct with her direction with staff. She stated, â€Å"Maybe now I come across as a little bit cold. But I have learned that I now have to use the least amount of words to get my point across.† Ms. Geis feels that to be an effective leader one must demonstrate with a high level of confidence, â€Å"even if I’m unsure of myself,†¦show more content†¦She replied with â€Å"Linear like Dr. Sprague (agency CEO).† Ms. Geis feels that the communication skills that one must possess in order to make advancements in management are that one must be an effective communicator, know the work environment, and the people you work with. Edmondson (2009) discusses four different basic communication styles. The first style is expressive which have a tendency to speak quickly, focus on the big picture, and have a high energy level. They can be perceived as unpredictable, vain, or excessively jovial. Next are systematic who tend to focus on small details, not on the larger picture, and try to avoid conflicts. The third type listed is sympathetic. These individuals focus on people and relationships. They are good listeners and so concern for everyone’s needs. Sympathetics also do not like be at odds with others. Lastly, the fourth communication style identified is directs who generally keep dialogue short and are perceived as a multitaskers. The study recommends that the individual discover her own communication style and adjust the style according to the situation. Grant and Taylor (2014) conducted a study which identified six essential communication traits that can aid women to demonstrate confidence: (1) starting strong, (2) staying succinct, (3) dimensionalizing content, (4) owning voice, (5) controlling movement, and (6) projecting warmth (p. 73). The authors found that the way a women talks about her accomplishments haveShow MoreRelatedCase Manager Interview1193 Words   |  5 PagesCase Manager Interview Case Manager: Merventine Scott Organization: Family and Youth Services Assessment and reassessment 1. When clients are referred to your organization, what process or procedure is followed to assess your client (such as psychological, social, medical, et cetera)? When clients are referred to Family and Youth Services an initial assessment is performed, which includes information on a clients demographics, residential status, income, insurance coverage, mental or medicalRead MoreInterview : The Successful Hr Manager Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesInterview # 2 Date: 03/21/2016 Interview Transcript Interviewee: What are the characteristics that make you a successful human resources manager? Interviewer: The successful HR manager ... is a leading figure, distinct, very important, have the status of reference to all of the project, which contains figures and team members who have different backgrounds. There are varying obstacles and many challenges for the HR manager to overcome and, therefore, he must have the knowledge to manage these challengesRead MoreSample Resume : Nurse Manager Interview Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesNurse Manager Interview This semester, I had the chance of interviewing Susan Holley-Washer, nurse manger of 4 Northwest. This floor is a telemetry and step down unit at the Loma Linda Veteran Affairs Medical Center. During this time, I had the opportunity to ask many questions covering several topics. The topics discussed her perspective on interviewing potential employees, counseling employees, employee evaluations, orientation of new personnel, budgetary processes, manager roles in governanceRead MoreInterview Selection Assignment : General Manager1901 Words   |  8 PagesInterview-Selection Assignment (a)Different Criteria: †¢ Required Experience: For the position of general manager in the busiest store of GAP in downtown of Toronto, experience will be the key. Because store stays busy throughout the year as a result experienced manager will be able to handle the pressure and knows what to do when things are not going their ways. Experienced manager will be able to form a strategy to deal with the busiest time of the store. For this job experience should be betweenRead MoreInterview with a Manager2122 Words   |  9 Pages| MANAGER INTERVIEW | | | Introduction: â€Å"Leadership is understanding people and involving them to help you do a job. That takes all of the good characteristics, like integrity, dedication of purpose, selflessness, knowledge, skill, implacability, as well as determination not to accept failure† (Burke 1995).  The purpose of this paper is to interview a manager from an organization and find out the leadership styles she uses to effectively manage the staff there. This paper also looks atRead MoreInterview HR Manager1004 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kierra Johnson February 24, 2015 Interview of a HR Manager / Specialist For my interview of a HR manager or specialist I chose to interview someone from a popular company who has a plant local to where I live in Oxford, PA. I interviewed Eric Maholmes the Human resource director for Tastycake which is now Flowers Baking Company of Oxford, Inc. I asked Eric a variety of questions from his educational background, to his duties as director, and what the hardest parts of his job are. MrRead MoreSport Manager Interview941 Words   |  4 PagesSport Manager Interview Paper For my Sport Manager Interview I interviewed Mr. Matt Seibring who is an Assistant Director in Competitive Sports. I asked Mr. Matt questions that related to his job and basically to help prepare and give me advice for my career plans in the future. In the Assistant Directory role they have professional staff that reports all information and how everything is going throughout the work day. Mr. Matt manages the coordinators and has to make sure all of the supervisorsRead MoreNursing Manager Interview649 Words   |  3 PagesThe Nurse Manager Name here South University The Nurse Manager Responsibilities of nurse manager Nurse mangers is the leader of a specific department or unit of a healthcare facility. The nurse manager is responsible for recruitment and retention of the nursing staff, collaborating with other health care providers on patient care, and assisting patients and their families when needed. The nurse manager works with administration communicating and interpreting the facility’s policies and proceduresRead MoreEssay on Interview a Manager577 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The manager interviewed for this assignment was Chief Warrant 3 Linwood Bowers, the Chief of the Personnel Support Directorate of the White House Communications Agency (WHCA). Chief Bowers has held his present position for four years. The focus of the interview was the unique challenges of good communication. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the unique challenges Chief Bowers has had to face is the different language that permeates throughout the organizationalRead MoreA Interview On My Sales Manager Interview1766 Words   |  8 PagesI structured this paper by giving you the insight about all the question I asked and the responses I received, ending it off with the list of facts I learned and knowledge I gained throughout the interview. For my sales manager interview I was fortunate enough to interview Chad Keaton, a wealth management advisor and a managing director of Northwestern Mutual. Mr. Keaton graduated from East Tennessee State University in 1989 with Bachelor of Business Administration in Marketing. Moreover, he joined

Dantes Inferno Free Essays

The Inferno is more than just a fictional story about someone traveling through life. It is actually more like an autobiographical journey of life through its author, Dante Alighieri’s. He basically wrote with the personal purpose of recording where all of the people he came in contact within his life, will go when they die. We will write a custom essay sample on Dantes Inferno or any similar topic only for you Order Now This could be one of three places; Hell, Purgatory, or Heaven. He went on to design specific, fitting punishments or rewards based on each person’s life. Dante then tied this all together and made himself a character that walks the entire length of the abstracted world. Written in the early 1300s by an angry Dante living in exile, he literally describes a man who has been trapped, and must find a way to escape. He also includes the hidden Renaissances darkness, and the people who are Manipulating. As Dante passes through the depths of hell he begins to see sins that would be punished and tortured in medieval times to the same acts that are displayed in the era of the Renaissance, and yet are treated differently. The Renaissances era that had a lot of influence on Dante and the journey through hell. Whether they were someone that betrayed him in his political career or the girl that he fell in love with when he was 9 years old, he found a way to integrate them into the Inferno. It’s not hard to notice that in the symbols, Dante considers trust and loyalty to be one of the most important human characteristics. He basically felt this way due to the point that he was betrayed and exiled away from his beloved homeland, by the pope. It is because of this that he places offenders of breaking these at the center of hell. Dante was exiled from Florence in 1302 and this is where his feelings that helped structured the story. When he comes out of the dark forest Dante is blocked by the three beasts. The beasts are a lion, a leopard, and wolf. The lion is seen to poses pride, the leopards’ role is that of lust and the wolf represents is greed. The three ferocious beasts have three of the seven deadly sins. Canto 3 started the read when Dante comes to himself again and realizes he is lost in a dark, savage, threatening forest deep in a valley. He tries all night to find a way out; when he comes to the foot of a high hill and his way is blocked by three beasts. He thinks he’s going to get past the leopard that comes first, but the lion is more fearsome, and the wolf drives him back, despairing, to the dark wood. He then sees a human shape and calls out for help. It is the shade of Virgil, When researched he was the great Roman poet of the time of the emperor Augustus, where he as a poet has learned so much, and Dante begs him for help against the wolf. Virgil tells him that the wolf is too fierce to get by, that she is ravaging all of Italy, and will do so until the person comes who can chase her back to Hell. But Virgil promises to get him out of the dark wood, not by taking him past the beasts, but by leading him through Hell. Once he has seen those who suffer in Hell, Virgil will lead him up the mountain of Purgatory, where souls become ready for eternal bliss, and then someone else will take over and lead him up to Heaven. Virgil can’t go there because, living before Christianity had spread, and he was not a Christian. Dante accepts Virgil’s guidance through hell, and they set out. The first circle he sees was beings that where not good enough to go to heaven, or bad enough to join the bottom of hell. As the reading continued I realized it also showed that the angles had a choice between heaven and hell, which made it different from anything I have read from the past. Canto 5, is when he first enters the Second Circle, Dante sees Minos, a horrible, snarling demon to whom each soul confesses everything. Minos warns Dante to turn back, but Virgil again asserts that Dante’s journey is divinely ordained. Dante hears wailing again. Spirits pass through the air like a flock of birds, tormented by Minos; they have no hope of rest, and no hope of less pain. One long line of spirits gets Dante’s attention, and he asks Virgil who they are. Virgil replies to him, all having died because of love, and Dante is bewildered by pity. Canto 34 is in the deepest depth of Hell, the lowest point in the whole universe. Virgil lets Dante know that he is about to see the being who is the ruler of Hell. Dante looks through the sadness and sees something that looks huge and like a windmill in the distance. The wind is strong, and he has to shelter himself behind Virgil. In the icy plain beneath them the souls are now completely buried in the ice, through which he sees them. When they get closer, Virgil makes Dante come out from behind him and look at Satan. Dante is so frozen and weak he feels neither dead nor alive, but he looks. There is the being who was once the fairest angel in Heaven, Lucifer, who rebelled against the one and only God who had made him so fair. Who was once beautiful but ugly now from where he sits, he is much bigger than the giants Dante saw at the outer edge of the deepest pits. His head has three faces, one red, one white and yellow, one black. Two big bat wings sprout under each face, and it is the flapping of those wings that made the ice of Cocytus. He weeps tears and blood from each of his six eyes, and in each mouth he chews on a sinner. Virgil having seen everything, they must go. Dante holds tight to Virgil, with his arms around Virgil’s neck, and Virgil goes right up to Satan and takes hold of his flanks, which are covered with hair. From tuft to tuft he descends to the midpoint of Satan’s body, and then manages to turn himself upside down and start climbing. They reach a cleft in the rock and there Virgil puts Dante down on the edge. Dante looks back, and there are Lucifer’s legs upside down. Dante is utterly bewildered. Virgil explains that the midpoint of Satan’s body is the center of gravity of the earth. The story also reminds me of Revelations more than just the relation of Rome. It is the same idea of describing others who have live into a different situation or character. Both Authors must have had similar feeling towards the groups, they both had hatred and wanted revenge. They describe the groups for who they were as a character that nobody would like. Dante Had made people change their family name, because he had shown a lot about the person to others, just because a relative was in the poem. He needed something to help him relived all the hatred he carried with him self; the Poem did not spike me as a comedy but more of a drama. How to cite Dantes Inferno, Papers

Carbon Sequestration free essay sample

CO2 can also be transported as a liquid on road tankers or railcar in insulated tanks at low temperature and by ships where CO2 has to be moved over large distances or overseas. Injection and Storage (State of the gas when stored) it is injected as a supercritical fluid (dense and liquid-like) at sufficiently high pressures and temperatures through an injection well into the target reservoir formation, generally at a depth of 800m or more. A reservoir rock could be sandstone, in which the CO2 is stored in the microscopic pore spaces between individual sand grains. In this case, we need to consider better CO2 injections technologies and CO2 injection wells have to ensure that CO2 only enters the intended injection zone and does not interfere with sources of drinking water. Types of rocks Suitable rocks for storage are generally high porosity type to provide space for the CO2 and high permeability for the CO2 to move into the space. We will write a custom essay sample on Carbon Sequestration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By contrast, the seals covering the storage formation typically have low porosity and permeability to trap the fluids stored below. Injectivity is also important as the rate at which the CO2 can be injected into a storage reservoir formation. Geological condition Three types of geological formations to be considered for the storage of CO2 are oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline formations and deep un-minable coal seams. Storage sites must generally be located at a depth of 800m or deeper where prevailing pressures keep CO2 in either a liquid or supercritical state so that CO2 is trapped without moving back up to the surface. Deep Saline Formations (Geological condition and natural process) It takes place at depths below 800m where the ambient pressures and temperatures will usually result in CO2 being in a liquid or supercritical state. At these conditions, there is some buoyant forces that tend to drive CO2 upwards so that we have to make sure having a well-sealed cap rock over the storage reservoir that remains CO2 trapped in underground. Sequestration of CO2 in deep saline formations does not produce value-added by-products, but it has other advantages.

6 Best WooCommerce Hosting Compared 2019 (For All Budgets)

WooCommerce and WordPress make it possible for nearly anyone to set up an online store. However, if you want your store to succeed, youll need to pick the best WooCommerce hosting possible, so that you can focus on growing your business.While there are hundreds of hosting plans and providers  to choose from, choosing a dedicated WooCommerce hosting platform will make it a lot easier to set up and manage your store.In this article, were going to talk a bit more about why it makes sense to look into WooCommerce-specific hosting plans. Then, well introduce you to six of the best WooCommerce hosting providers and help you choose the right one for your needs. Lets get to it! With WooCommerce hosting, youll typically get:Automated WordPress and WooCommerce setup so you can get right to work on your store.Daily backups, so your data is always safe.Increased security so you can protect your user information.Support staff who are experts when it comes to WooCommerce.Those are just a few of the criteria you should look out for when youre shopping around for the best WooCommerce hosting. In practice, each host brings something unique to the table, which brings us to the next section.Six of the best WooCommerce hosting providers comparedFor this section, were going to focus on six of the best WooCommerce hosting providers. Well talk about the features they provide, how intuitive they are to use, and the all-important pricing, so lets get right to it!1. SiteGround (www.siteground.com)SiteGround is one of our favorite all-around WordPress hosting companies. They offer great support, performance, and competitive pricing, as well as some WooCommerce-specific features. Lets check them out.WooCommerce-specific featuresSiteGrounds WooCommerce plans offer all the same features as their basic shared options. However, they do pack in a bit of extra functionality, including:WooCommerce (plus the Storefront theme) set up out of the box.A Lets Encrypt SSL certificate  to keep your shoppers information secure.Integrated Cloudflare Content Delivery Network (CDN)  to speed up your stores load times.PCI Compliant servers, on the highest tier.Whats more, the higher tiers provide even more features (as youd expect), such as free backup restores and caching functionality.Ease of useGetting a WooCommerce store running with SiteGround is simple since they automatically set up the WooCommerce plugin for you, as well as a WooCommerce theme. This means you can hit the ground running and get to work on adding products right away.However, SiteGrounds hosting control panel is a bit disappointing. While it does offer most of the features you need to manage your store, it is subjectively clunky. As such, finding the specific options you need can be difficult than other providers.Pricing and plansSiteGrounds WooCommerce plans start at $3.95 for the  StartUp  option and go up all the way to $11.95. Those prices make it the best WooCommerce hosting option if youre on a tig ht budget, and a steal for the service overall.2. Bluehost  (www.bluehost.com)Bluehost is a popular WordPress host thats officially recommended by the WordPress.org team. Bluehost offers affordable plans dedicated for WooCommerce that come with pre-installed WooCommerce, a free SSL, and more.WooCommerce-specific featuresBecause Bluehost has dedicated plans for WooCommerce, youll get a bunch of great features to make your store a success:A free online setup call to help get your store up and running.Preinstalled WordPress and WooCommerce, along with the official Storefront theme.A free SSL certificate to help keep your shoppers data safe.A dedicated IP address all to yourself.You also get tons of general features like unmetered bandwidth, 100 GB SSD storage (unlimited storage on higher  plans), and more.Ease of useSetting up WordPress and WooCommerce is super simple because Bluehost can pre-install both of those tools for you. That means you can get started building your store an d adding products right away.For additional actions, Bluehost has its own custom hosting dashboard that makes it easy to manage things like updates and caching/performance. They also still give you access to cPanel, as well, for more advanced tweaks.Pricing and plansBluehosts WooCommerce hosting plans are quite affordable, starting at just $6.95 per month for the cheapest  Starter  plan. That plan lets you create one store with 100 GB of SSD storage and unmetered bandwidth.The next tier up the $8.95 per month  Plus plan lets you host unlimited stores with unlimited storage and unmetered bandwidth. It also adds the CodeGuard backup system to keep your stores data safe.3. DreamHost (www.dreamhost.com)DreamHost is a managed hosting provider that shines when it comes to WordPress. The company offers plans dedicated to WordPress users, and of course, separate options if youre running a WooCommerce store.WooCommerce-specific featuresSince were talking about managed WordPress hosti ng, DreamHost doesnt skimp when it comes to WooCommerce-specific features. Some of the highlights are:Having WooCommerce and Storefront pre-installed and configured for optimal performance.Server-side protection against traffic spikes, slow site speeds, and hacking attempts.VaultPress backups that automatically protect your stores data.You get the Jetpack Professional plugin for free, which includes some top store-enhancing features like authenticated customer logins, downtime monitoring, shipping rate calculations, and more.Up to three calls per month with DreamHosts dedicated concierge support (and full access to regular channels).Free SSL certificate to keep your and your shoppers data safe.Combine those features, and it all adds up to a well-rounded WooCommerce plan.Ease of useJust as with SiteGround, you can get to work on your store right away after signing up with DreamHost thanks to the pre-configured WooCommerce.As far as the DreamHost interface goes, its one of the most un ique control panels weve seen so far. It includes a lot of options and is also easy to navigate. If you feel comfortable tinkering with your stores back end settings, youll like DreamHost.Pricing and plansCompared to some other hosts, DreamHost is rather expensive. It starts at $16.95 a month for up to ~100k visitors and goes up to $71.95 a month for ~1M+ visitors. While you will pay a little more, its a robust and stable hosting option that can handle practically anything you throw at in our experience.4. Liquid Web (www.liquidweb.com)Liquid Web is the most expensive WooCommerce hosting option on this list, but it offers great features and some value-added plugins and services which make that price a lot more palatable.WooCommerce-specific featuresWhen it comes to the number of WooCommerce-specific features included, this managed WooCommerce host takes the cake. Here are a few of our favorites:WooCommerce set up out of the box, including the Astra Pro theme, and the Beaver Builder page builder plugin.Mobile optimization for all of your pages.Free SSL certificate to keep your stores data secure.Abandoned cart technology via a partnership with Jilt.   You can engage 50 shoppers for free.Value-added plugins from IconicWP  included with your hosting for free, which add a variety of functionality to improve your store.Expert help to set up any parts of your store.Optional automated PCI compliance scans (for an extra fee).Of course, the wealth of features here dont come for free, and well discuss this more in a minute.Ease of useThe Liquid Web team will hold your hand through the entire process of configuring your WooCommerce store, which is a welcome feature.They can help you set up additional payment gateways, add new products, and much more.This means the platform is perfect if you need an extra bit of help to get things optimized and ready to roll. Plus, it comes with a pretty streamlined control panel thats a pleasure to use.Pricing and plansLiquid Web of fers plenty of options when it comes to plans.The most basic WooCommerce offering starts at $39 per month  and offers all of the features weve talked about above. The higher up you move along the  scale, the more traffic youll be able to handle – but plans can (and do) get expensive very fast, topping out at $149 per month.5. Kinsta (kinsta.com)Kinsta is a premium managed WordPress hosting provider powered by Google Cloud Platform and its premium network. Their infrastructure is heavily optimized for e-commerce solutions such as WooCommerce and is ready to handle traffic surges. Their plans come with an extended set of features and speed-focused architecture.WooCommerce-specific featuresHere are a few features that make Kinstas WooCommerce hosting solution optimal for this purpose:One-click auto installer for WooCommerce in their MyKinsta dashboard.Six different types of backups: automatic backups every 24 hours, manual backups with one-click restore, environmental backup s, full downloadable .zip backups, and add-ons for additional backups.Auto-scaling. Kinsta uses isolated software container technology so that resources are allocated to each site container automatically as needed.Free SSL, which you can install with a single click and the ability to upload your own custom SSL certificates.24-hour support. Every site is monitored for uptime with 720 checks per day.Fast server-level caching in place (no plugins needed) with rules to ensure proper WooCommerce functionality.Ease of useKinsta provides a custom-made site management dashboard, which is easy to handle for beginners. You can easily launch a store in a matter of seconds using the one-click auto installer for WooCommerce in their MyKinsta dashboard.If you have an existing WooCommerce site with another provider you want to move from, they include free white-glove migrations. This means the Kinsta team will handle everything regarding a migration for you. Simply fill out the migration form and theyll let you know when its ready to go live.Pricing and plansKinsta offers many tiers starting from $30/month, going all the way up to their Enterprise tier. However, unless you have a low-traffic WooCommerce site, they recommend starting on their Business 1 plan or higher for optimal performance.Optional add-ons are available on all hosting plans. They have a 30-day money-back guarantee, with no long-term contracts. You can sign up for their annual plan and get two months free.6. WP Engine (wpengine.com)Like Kinsta, WP Engine is a premium managed WordPress host that makes a great option for hosting WooCommerce and WordPress. WP Engines infrastructure is able to handle large, high-traffic stores, and it offers tons of features to keep your site and its data safe.WooCommerce-specific featuresWP Engines plans come packed with helpful features for your WooCommerce store:Free access to the Genesis framework and all the StudioPress child themes, which make a great option for a WooComme rce store.Free SSL certificate to keep your stores data safe and secure.Integrated CDN for faster global performance.Built-in staging environment to safely test changes to your store before you push them live.Automatic backups to make sure you never lose your stores data.In addition to lots of general WooCommerce features, WP Engine also has its own WP Engine Ecommerce Toolkit plugin that helps optimize your stores performance and give you access to key performance indicators (KPIs). It also adds other goodies like one-tap payments, auto-logout, and more.Ease of useWP Engine uses its own custom hosting dashboard that, while it might not be the most beginner-friendly dashboard in the world, still makes it pretty easy to perform key actions for your store.Additionally, WP Engine does a great job of going above and beyond to make your store a success, with features like that WP Engine Ecommerce Toolkit, as well as page performance tools and the included Genesis framework.Pricing and pl ansWP Engines plans start at  $35 per month and go up from there. That entry-level plan supports one store and up to 25,000 visits per month.Higher-tier plans raise those limits, and WP Engine also offers custom plans if your needs go beyond what their pre-made plans offer.Which WooCommerce hosting provider is right for your store?As you might suspect, theres no single WooCommerce web host that fits the bill for every user.💠° SiteGround  or Bluehost are good options if youre on a budget. Both offer all the core WooCommerce hosting features youll need for under $10 per month.🠤 © In contrast, DreamHost strikes a great balance between price, performance, and the number of WooCommerce-specific features it offers, making it a good middle ground between the other options.🠏Žï ¸  Finally, Liquid Web takes the crown when it comes to sheer functionality and ease of use. You also get a lot of extra WooCommerce functionality via the bundled IconicWP plugins and Jilt aban doned cart tools. However, its a more expensive option, which is something to consider.Do you have any questions about how to choose the best WooCommerce hosting for your store? Ask away in the comments section below! * This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links and then purchase the product, well receive a small fee. No worries though, youll still pay the standard amount so theres no cost on your part.

War on terror essays

War on terror essays Today as Americans, our top concern is our war on terror, national security. Prior to September 11th 2001 American has lived with no fear excluding the elderly who had witnessed the attack on Pearl Harbor. We did not have any knowledge that terrorists would or could attack us here at home, nor did we really pay attention to words like Al Quadi or Taliban. Now as we are considered victims we are aware of the terrorist groups and of course the notorious Osama Bin Ladin. Now that were no longer just saviors of terrorists attacks we can learn and set the standard to all countries victims or witnesses on how to maintain national security. On the 11th of September an everyday tool of transportation was used as a weapon to destroy and massacre. As we have stepped back to understand the reasoning, which only a terrorist can comprehend more importantly, we have focused on how to prevent an event like this happening again. On September 20,2001 President Bush proposes a new Office of Homeland Security which he has make his top priority since. In November 2002 Bush singed the Homeland Security Act. He started that this Act is to protect our citizens against the dangers of a new era. With my signature, this act of Congress will create a new Department of Homeland Security, ensuring that our efforts to defend this country are comprehensive and united. The new department will analyze threats, will guard our borders and airports, protect our critical infrastructure, and coordinate the response of our nation for future emergencies. The Department of Homeland Security will focus the full resources of the American government on the safety of the American people. This essential reform was carefully considered by Congress and enacted with strong bipartisan majorities. From the morning of September the 11th, 2001, to this hour, America has been engaged in an unprecedented effort to defend our freedom and our se curity. As of...

Mgt wk2 group assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mgt wk2 group assignment - Essay Example The aspects which are set to deliberated are of significant influence to all stakeholders. After discussing the below effects, you as members of the board of directors are expected to spread the outcome well. You can execute this duty by adapting the availability of the social media like newspapers, radios as well as television. This is because this information will be made to be of close access by all our braches worldwide. These branches are our own and therefore, should not be exempted in any case. The prime aspects that affect the firm include natural disasters; those calamities which usually take place without human interference, human related disasters and unexpected spillage of oil (Schmidt & Wilhelm, 2000). There are still other smaller factors. They do not influence the company’s production that much, but they will not evade being mentioned in this case. They can be readily exemplified by the sharing of the market with other competitive oil firms as well as inflation. The last two ones affect our firm in many ways, although they may appear minor. There are some oil companies which are also performing excellently. This means that like us, they have even spread wings abroad. We all have a similar purpose of ensuring that their oil products sell well around the globe. That is why we face a terrifically strong competition while presenting our commodities in the market. A business firm does anything to ensure that it realizes success. This is the reason why the companies in question mostly sell their products at throw-away prices at our expense. This mostly comes about after the inflation of oil products inclusive of petroleum (Schmidt & Wilhelm, 2000). In many parts of the world where our branches are located, we are mostly confronted by violent climatic and weather conditions. This comprises of uncontrollable phenomenon like rain. Whenever it rains, the ground becomes extremely soggy, and most of

Graphic Design in the 1950s Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Graphic Design in the 1950s - Assignment Example The assignment "Graphic Design in the 1950s" talks about the ways the graphic design was done in the 1950s. To follow Warhol's passage from commercial artist to the world star is to chart an intriguing transition. The term printing refers to an image consisting of pure black and white with no tonal gradation. For an image to be reproduced through letter press printing, it must meet or condition of line art. An ink drawing is a camera ready the both is economically expedient and visually direct, closely resembles the original. A typical illustration of the shoe by Andy, he demonstrates how a color image is produced from line art. Base layer carries an ink drawing of a patterned shoe, and the second layer on a transparent overlay elaborates the pattern. Most of the dramatic events in the history of graphic art were the invention of photography, whose impact was immediate. Before the introduction of the half tone process in the 18th century, wood engravers reproduced photographs by translating them by hand into patterns of black marks. The process of photographic was widely used in the printing of line drawing; illustration could prepare drawing of arbitrary dimension, which could be then photographically reduced. Some illustration continued to approximate the realism of photography and photographs remained the routine source material throughout the industry, many commercial artists worked to define the products of the hand against those of the camera, marketing drawing that was totally different.

Why We Fight by Eugene Jarecki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why We Fight by Eugene Jarecki - Essay Example The documentary was initially screened at the Sundance Film Festival in the year 2005. A notable fact in this regard is that the date it first appeared was 17th of January in the year 2005 which happened to be exactly forty –four years after the farewell address of the President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This documentary received very strict and limited public release. A main reason for this was that, it contained some of the explicit and detailed perception regarding the American war policy. On 22nd January 2006 the documentary made its way for the public release and then the documentary was released on DVD on 27th June in the year 2006. It was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. The documentary bagged Grimme Award in 2006. It produced enough justification for the military aggression and myriad foreign policies undertaken by the government of America since World War II. This includes Vietnam invasion and also a major part of the documentary is dedicated to the Iraq inva sion by America in the year 2003. At the same time, the attacks on the twin towers and that of the Pentagon on 11th September 2001 find detailed discussion in the film. Overview The film captivates valuable testimonies of veteran politician John McCain and also of Charles Cameron who is an ex-CIA analyst and well versed political scientist. The documentary also contains valuable thoughts from the Richard Perle, a politician, and also of the renowned non-conservative commentator, William Kristol. Apart from these, thoughts of Gore Vidal, the popular writer and Joseph Cirincione, the public policy specialist appear in the documentary as well. All the opinions of these people are very important and they try to justify the military movement of America since World War II days. But a detailed examination of the film itself will instigate the viewers to review and throw some light on the foreign policies and military invasions undertaken by America. Especially the foreign policy of America towards Middle East and Islamic countries needs to get a revision in order to judge the original need of the invasion since the gulf-war and interference of the super power in these oil belts of Middle East. The question is that America claims time and again that the invasion is a kind of protection for the United States which saves the nation from various external threats. For example, the attack of the 11th September 2001 is hyped, justified and viewed as the major reason for the consequential Iraq invasion of 2003. Undoubtedly, 11th September is a dark day in the calendar of civilisation and no matter where and how human lives are being taken, it is not appreciated in the eyes of any civilised society. But underneath the much hyped propaganda for the justification of the attack on Afghanistan or on Iraq needs a detailed supervision because many innocent lives were also lost for these military aggression and that can never be justified or sympathised with the presentation of the thought of the Vietnam war veteran, whose son was killed in the 11th September attack and that he urged the military to engrave the name of his dead son on a bomb before dropping it on Iraq. However, in the light of the above discussion, the crucial point cannot be ignored that a complete invasion, captivation and unanimous threat was launched across America against the Islamic people. Even the citizens and the tax-payers of the nation who have only their root, ethnicity and lineages from the Middle –East were not spared. Relationship between Middle-East Islam and American Foreign Policy US policy views Middle-East Islamist movements and some organizations at par with terrorist activist groups. America also perceives that Islamist faction groups of the

Distribution Channel Design

Distribution Channel Design Distribution Channel Design Channel design facilitates the flow of goods from the manufacturer to the end-user. Hutt and Speh (2007) defined that, the link between the manufacturer and the customer is the distribution channel. The purpose of the distribution channel is to distribute the product from manufacturer to the end user to the right time to the right place (Klein and Frazier1990). The channel of distribution is the marketing managers bridge to the market. Channel design creates a competitive advantage that separates market winners from market losers. Stern Weitz (1997) , says the efficient distribution channel design and administration can offer opportunities to develop sustainable competitive advantage in the long term. The channel should achieve all tasks which are necessary to affect a sale and deliver products to the end user. The Tyre Company who is trying to enter into US market is a manufacturer of safety systems for vehicle tyres whose products allow the vehicle to continue to be driven even if the tires burst or are shot out. The main customers for the systems are police forces, security companies, emergency services like ambulance and fire service, armies, trucking companies (Original Equipment Manufacturers ‘OEMs), and even the general public. The organization cannot serve all types of customers through a single distribution channel, so depending on the size of the market, value and the level of usage, the market for safety systems can be divided into three segments. Ø Government Organizations (Ambulance, fire services, armies), Ø Private sector (Original equipment manufacturers like Trucking companies vehicle manufactures), Ø General public For the safety systems manufacturer there are many options to design a distribution channel. In the above figure, channel 1 comes under direct distribution channel where the organizations directly deal with the customers. This distribution channel does not have any intermediaries like distributors, wholesalers, retailers etc. Hutt and Speh (2007) says in, direct distribution channel the manufacturers own sales force deals directly with the customer segments, and the manufacturer has the complete responsibility for performing all the required channel tasks. Channel 2, channel 3 and channel 4 come under indirect distribution channels. Indirect channel distribution uses one or more intermediaries like distributors, retailers, sales representatives etc. Channel distribution for Government sectors customers: The safety systems manufacturer is entering into the U.S market for the first time, so the organization cannot contact the government organizations for selling their products. As the government uses the safety systems for emergency services, they cannot rely on the manufacturers words. So, the manufacturer should approach distributors and collaborate with them for doing business. These distributors can approach the government organizations and explain the products features and advantages. So, the best way to serve government sector customers is to design an indirect distribution channel which consists of distributors as Intermediaries. Corey et al. (1989) says indirect channel distribution is generally found where the markets are fragmented and widely dispersed, low transaction amount prevails and buyers typically purchase a number of items in one transaction. The government sector segment is widely dispersed and the buyers in the segment purchase a number of items in one transaction, indirect approach is recommended for dealing with this segment. The below figure shows the distribution channel design for government sector customers In private sector, the customers (original equipment manufacturers) for safety tyres are few. So, the company can directly approach the original equipment manufacturers that use the safety systems and can directly tie up with the vehicle manufacturers or OEMs. This increases the sales of the safety systems manufacturer. Hutt and Speh (2007), says the direct sales approach is feasible when the customers are large and well defined, the customers insist on direct sales, sales involve extensive negotiations with upper management. Here in this report the manufacturer has to negotiate extensively with the upper management of the OEMs to make them agree to fit the safety systems as the original equipment. Therefore direct distribution channel design is suitable for private sector customers. Distribution channel for general public: General public customers will maximum order 1-4 units per orders and its not so easy for the manufacturer to deal with every individual customer separately. So, the manufacturer should make tie ups with dealers or wholesalers. These dealers or wholesalers create awareness about the product and encourage the general public to buy the safety systems. These distributors or wholesalers intern make tie up with the vehicle repairing sheds and retailers. These vehicle repairing sheds play a vital role in increasing the sales of the safety systems. Therefore indirect channel is recommended for dealing with general public customers. The below figure indicates the distribution channel for dealing with general public. COMMUNICATION PROCESS: Kennaugh (2009), says the primary objective of marketing communications is to create awareness of a business, its products, and its position through customer-facing materials such as brochures, press releases, Web sites, and trade show presentations. Communication helps to spread awareness about products or services that are of some use to consumer and potential buyers. A good marketing communications plan requires an in-depth understanding of target audiences and the processes involved in buying, selling, and communicating. As the safety systems manufacturer has customers in different sectors, it should use different modes of communication for taking the product to the customers. Hutt and Speh (2007), says due to the technical complexity of the business products, the relatively small number of potential buyers, and the extensive negotiation process, the primary communication vehicle in Business to Business marketing is the sales person. As the Companys product in this report is a technical product, the primary communication for this company should through personal ­ selling. Personal selling is the most effective tool for building buyers preferences, convictions, and actions. Apart from personal selling the company can also communicate through sales promotion, advertising, public relations, Bouchers, E-Marketing, workshops, Direct Marketing etc. Advertising is also a most powerful tool of communication. Most of people believe the Media and attract to the media advertising. But media covers mostly general customers and some business customers. So, this can be used only as one of the communication tools for taking the safety systems into market. Aaker (1992), says Brochures are useful for the communication and this is the very cheapest way for communicating to the customers. Communication helps to keep the consumers informed about the new models of products or services that are available in the organisation. To communicate effectively, marketers need to need to understand how communication works .Communication involves the eight elements which are shown in the below figure. 1) Sender: The party sending the message to another party -in this case it is the Tyres Company. 2) Encoding: The process of putting the intended message into symbolic form that will differentiate us from other companies into an advertisement that will convey the intended message (Kotler et al 2008). 3) Message: This set of words, pictures or symbols that the sender transmits in the advertisements. 4) Decoding: The process by which the receiver assigns meaning to the symbols encoding by the sender -a consumer reads the ad and interprets the words and illustrations it contains. 5) Receiver: The party receiving the message sent by the company; the customer or the company that reads the tyres advertising. 6) Response: The reactions of the receiver after being exposed to the message -any of thousands of possible responses, such as the customer is more aware of the attributes of our tyres products. 7) Feedback: The part of the receivers response communicated back to the sender -tyres Company research shows that consumer like and remember the ad or consumers write or call the company praising or criticising the ad or its products. 8) Noise: The unplanned static or distortion during the communication process which result in the receiver getting a different message from the company. This is diagram shows that how message would pass to customers and how they would have respond by taking response and feed back like questionnaire, by filling feedback form, interviews and so forth. Scope for Conflict: Cannel conflict occurs when members of two channels fight for same goal. Organisational growth is badly affected by conflicts. Generally organisation doing business depends upon their Agents, Wholesalers, and Retailers. As long as the organization maintains a good relation with all its channel members the organisation gets good results, if the organisation does not maintain a healthy relations to all its channel members then the organisation sales growth decreases, and conflicts occur (Kogut, 1988). For instance, a premier distributor may be expected to share market analysis data, have an outside force and create account plans maintain specific inventory, and provide a complete service and repair function- in exchange for preferred pricing and product availability. An authorized distributor may be expected to share market analysis data, have a telemarketing operation, and maintain specific inventory. An affiliate distributor may have access to the manufacturers products without being given any special pricing or compensation. When there are too many distributors in a given area, or when one distributor â€Å"cherry-picks† accounts in another distributors territory, there can be price competition and conflict (Erramilli, 1991). Pricing related conflicts are most common in channel conflicts. It is very essential that the manufacturer creates the base for a pricing structure where each member is able to make a profit from the value they bring to the marketing channel process. Each members price must reflect his or her role within the channel (Aaker, 1992). For example, if a retailer is able to purchase directly from the manufacturer at a cost that is equal or less than the cost that their distributor gives them, then the distributor losses his business from the retailer. This is one of the reasons for channel conflict. The other reason for channel conflict is, if the organisation supply tyres to the end customer with help of the wholesaler/distributor and retailers in particular area, and also maintaining good relations with wholesalers and retailers as well. But, that area is very small or there is no need of retailers in that area. Then organisation distributes the tyres directly from wholesaler/distributor to end-user. In this regards retailers lose their business. So conflict may occur in between retailers and organisation or in between retailer to distributor. Based on this conflict Retailer may merges with the competitor which in turn effects the organization. Other sources of channel conflict may result from goal incompatibility, poorly defined roles and rights, perceptual differences, and interdependent relationships. All of these factors must be taken into consideration, addressed when necessary, and managed whenever possible (Nygaard, 1994). Relationship Marketing: Relationship marketing is a term introduced by Berry (1983) that puts forward that marketers should move away from transactional marketing and build longer term relationships with their customers, focusing on building trust between buyer and seller so that loyalty develops. Morgan and Hunt, (1994), say Relationship marketing refers to all marketing activities directed toward establishing, developing and maintaining successful relational exchanges. The idea of relationship marketing was developed by Gronroos (1994) whose opinion was that relationship marketing was all about identifying, establishing maintaining, enhancing and, occasionally, terminating relationships with customers. The objective of such relationships, he suggested, is to give mutual benefit through the exchange and fulfilment of promises as well as communication. Relationship Marketing involves organisations gathering information about their customers and then deciding with whom they can develop a dialogue; it allows buyers and sellers to work together in joint problem solving, easing the pressures on the buyer. Rather than employing market share as a measure of marketing success, this approach uses customer retention (Gummesson, 1994). The effectiveness of Business to Business marketing is largely determined by long-term relationships between buyers and sellers (Dion et al., 1995). According to Webster (1992), buyer-seller or customer-supplier interdependence is an integral part of business to business marketing. Over the past 10 or so years, there has been clear evidence to suggest that, in business to business marketing, the nature of buyer-seller interactions has changed from adversarial to relationship building, and, consequently, emphasis has moved away from discrete transactions and towards relational exchanges (Weitz and Jap, 1995). P ressures to meet the demands of global competition, reliance on single-source suppliers, the development and adoption of just-in-time systems, outsourcing and development of ‘partnerships have been cited as some of the main driving forces behind such developments (Metcalf et al, 1992). Over the last 20 years, relationship marketing has been espoused by many in the services and industrial arenas, where it is, perhaps, easier to developer longer term relationships. The acquisition, retention and nurturing of customer relationships is fundamental to an organisation engaging in relationship marketing. Nurturing the customer is a step along the path to invoking loyalty on the part of the customer. Loyalty is one of the objectives of relationship marketing because a loyal customer may be of strategic advantage our Company. In this case, as the manufacturer newly entering into the US market, he has to build the relationship with the channel partners. By building relationship, he can understand the market well. By building relationship all the channel members can work for the common goal and they can solve any problem effectively. References Aaker, D.A., (1992), â€Å"The value of brand equity†, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol.13, pp.27-32. Berry, L.L. (1983), â€Å"Relationship marketing†, in Berry, L.L., Shostack, G.L. and Upah, G.D. (Eds),Emerging Perspectives on Services Marketing, American Marketing Association, Chicago,IL. Corey, E.R., Cespedes, F.V., and Rangan, V.K., (1989). Going to Market: Distribution System for Industrial Products, Harvard University Press, Boston. Dion, P., Easterling, D., and Miller, S.J., (1995). What is really necessary in successful buyer/seller relationships, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.24. Erramilli, M.K. (1991), â€Å"The experience in foreign market entry behavior of service firms, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 21 No.Fall, pp.479-501. Gronroos, C., (1994), â€Å"Quo Vadis marketing? Towards a relationship marketing paradigm†, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 10 No. 5. Gummesson, E., (1994). Making relationship marketing operational, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 5 No.5. Hutt, M.D., and Speh, T.W., (2007). Business Marketing Management: B2B, Thomson, USA. Kogut, B. (1988), Joint ventures: theoretical and empirical perspectives, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9 No.4, pp.319-32. Koltler.P, Armstrong.G, Wong.V and Saunder.J., (2008), 5TH Edition, Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall. Klein, S., and Frazier, G.L., (1990), A transaction cost analysis model of channel integration in international markets, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 27 No.2. Metcalf, L.E., Frear, C.R., Krishnan, R., (1992). Buyer seller relationships: an application of the IMP model, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.26, No.2. Morgan, R.M., Hunt, S.D., (1994). The commitment trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58 No.3. Nygaard, A. (1994), The falsification perspective on theories in channel research, Journal of Marketing Channels, Vol. 3 No.4. Stern, L. W. Weitz, B. A.; 1997. The Revolution in distribution: Challenges and Opportunities. Long Range Planning . V. 30. pp. 823 829. Webster, F.E., (1992). Industrial marketing strategy. 3rd ed., Wiley, New York. Weitz, B.A., and Jap, S.D., (1995). Relationship marketing and distribution channels, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.23, No.4.

We Need More Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation Essay

We Need More Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation    A life can be taken or created in a matter of seconds and with that has come the miracles of modern medicine. People have come to expect science to save lives, prevent illness, relieve suffering and improve the quality of life. The means of curing, treating and preventing diseases are not achieved by magic or accident. Medical advances are gained through years of intensive research -- research in which laboratory animals have played, and continue to play, a critical role. Opponents of animal testing are wrongfully determined that this process is completely unethical. Animals have been used for experimentation for around 2,000 years. In the third century BC in Alexandria, Egypt, the philosopher and scientist Erisistratus used animals to study the human body. Five centuries later, the Roman scientist Galen used apes and pigs to prove a theory about veins being full of blood and not air ("Animal Experimentation . . ." 74). Since then several experiments have educated man in many ways that wouldn't have been possible without the use of animals. The debate about animal testing started well over 130 years ago ("The Ethical . . ."). There is no doubt that the animal experimentation performed 100 years ago was cruel and unjust, but since then many changes have taken place. A century ago animals were experimented on without the benefit of modern anesthetics and painkillers, and since then several laws have been passed to prohibit inhumane treatment of animals. Virtually every major medical advance of the last century has depended upon research with animals. Since the early 1900's, 90 Nobel Prizes for medicine have been awarded. At least 60 of these were for disc... ...ts: Animal Rights. California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1996. pp. 73-81. "Animal Research Helping Kids." Foundation for Biomedical Research. [online], Available: http://www.fbresearch.org/helpingkids.html, December 11,2000. "Animal Rights Myths FAQ." Animal Rights Myths FAQ. [online], Available: http://www.cix.co.uk/~embra/armyths.html, December 7,2000. Murrary, Joseph. "Animals Hold the Key to Saving Human Lives." Americans for Medical Progress Educational Foundation. [online], Available: http://www.ampef.org/research.htm, December 8,2000. "The Humane Care and Treatment of Laboratory Animals." National Associationfor Biomedical Research. [online], Available: http://www.nabr.org/pdfs/orange.pdf, December 6, 2000. "The Ethical Debate." Research Defense Society. [online], Available: http://www.rds-online.org.uk/ethics/index.html, December 11, 2000.

Imogene king Essay

As Hall (1965) says; â€Å"To look at and listen to self is often too difficult without the help of a significant figure (nurturer) who has learned how to hold up a mirror and sounding board to invite the behaver to look and listen to himself. If he accepts the invitation, he will explore the concerns in his acts and as he listens to his exploration through the reflection of the nurse, he may uncover in sequence his difficulties, the problem area, his problem, and eventually the threat which is dictating his out-of-control behavior.† Major Concepts The individual human who is 16 years of age or older and past the acute stage of a long-term illness is the focus of nursing care in Hall’s work. The source of energy and motivation for healing is the individual care recipient, not the health care provider. Hall emphasizes the importance of the individual as unique, capable of growth and learning, and requiring a total person approach. Health can be inferred to be a state of self-awareness with conscious selection of behaviors that are optimal for that individual. Hall stresses the need to help the person explore the meaning of his or her behavior to identify and overcome problems through developing self-identity and maturity. The concept of society/environment is dealt with in relation to the individual. Hall is credited with developing the concept of Loeb Center because she assumed that the hospital environment during treatment of acute illness creates a difficult psychological experience for the ill individual (Bowar-Ferres, 1975). Loeb Center focuses on providing an environment that is conducive to self-development. In such a setting, the focus of the action of the nurses is the individual, so that any actions taken in relation to society or environment are for the purpose of assisting the individual in attaining a personal goal. Nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care, core, and cure aspects of patient care. Subconcepts The Care Circle It represents the nurturing component of nursing and is exclusive to nursing. Nurturing involves using the factors that make up the concept of mothering (care and comfort of the person) and provide for teaching-learning activities. The professional nurse provides bodily care for the patient and helps the patient complete such basic daily biological functions as eating, bathing, elimination, and dressing. When providing this care, the nurse’s goal is the comfort of the patient. Providing care for a patient at the basic needs level presents the nurse and patient with an opportunity for closeness. As closeness develops, the patient can share and explore feelings with the nurse. The Core Circle It is based in the social sciences, involves the therapeutic use of self, and is shared with other members of the health team. The professional nurse, by developing an interpersonal relationship with the patient, is able to help the patient verbally express feelings regarding the disease process and its effects. Through such expression, the patient is able to gain self-identity and further develop maturity. The professional nurse, by the use of reflective technique (acting as a mirror to the patient), helps the patient look at and explore feelings regarding his or her current health status and related potential changes in lifestyle. Motivations are discovered through the process of bringing into awareness the feelings being experienced. With this awareness, the patient is now able to make conscious decisions based on understood and accepted feelings and motivation. The Cure Circle It is based in the pathological and therapeutic sciences and is shared with other members of the health team. During this aspect of nursing care, the nurse is an active advocate of the patient. Assumptions The motivation and energy necessary for healing exist within the patient, rather than in the health care team. The three aspects of nursing should not be viewed as functioning independently but as interrelated. The three aspects interact, and the circles representing them change size, depending on the patient’s total course of progress. Strengths/Weaknesses Strengths: The use of the terms care, core, and cure are unique to Hall. Hall’s work appears to be completely and simply logical. Weaknesses: Hall’s work is simple in its presentation. However, the openness and flexibility required for its application may not be so simple for nurses whose personality, educational preparation, and experience have not prepared them to function with minimal structure. This and the self-imposed age and illness requirements limit the generalizability. Analysis Hall imposed an age requirement for the application of her theory which is 16 years of age and above. This limits the theory since it cannot be disregarded that nurses are faced with pediatric clients every now and then. Even though Hall confined her concepts for that age bracket, the concepts of care, core and cure can still be applied to every age group but again, none was specified. The only tool of therapeutic communication Hall discussed is reflection. By inference, all other techniques of therapeutic communication are eliminated. Reflection is not always the most effective technique to be used. The concept of a patient aggregate such as having families and communities as the focus of nursing practice was not tackled. It is purely on the individual himself. Although, the role of the family or the community within the patient’s environment was modestly discussed. In the focus of nursing care in Hall’s concepts, the individual must pass an acute stage of illness for you to successfully apply her theory. Therefore, this theory relates only to those who are ill. This indicates that no nursing contact with healthy individuals, families, or communities, and it negates the concept of health maintenance and disease prevention.

Teaching Others to Write. . . Online

Teaching Others to Write. . . Online If you’ve been published for any length of time, you realize thousands upon thousands of writers still struggle to get published or to decide what they want to write. Some still need to learn the basics while others seek to be steered in the right direction. With enough experience and knowledge under your belt, you might be able to help them and, in turn, increase your writing profits. You don’t need to be a New York Times bestseller or have numerous awards to your credit to teach; however, you do need strong writing skills, proof that you’ve mastered an area of writing, and the ability to convey the knowledge you have learned to others. Choosing the topic to teach involves research as you look into writing courses already available. You don’t want to offer a course too similar or too generic, and what you do offer should be a component of writing with which you’re extremely familiar. For instance, if you’ve gotten rave reviews on your villainous characters, you could possibly teach a course for other aspiring suspense/thriller writers. Teaching writing courses involves designing the course, which includes writing all of the lessons and the assignments, and setting the price, although some sites do have input on the fee. You will also review the students’ assignments and offer feedback for improvement. Some teachers offer an assessment test or a review wrap-up at the end of the course but neither are required. It is helpful to think creatively when you’re designing your course, though, because you must be a magnet, convincing writers why they should take your course. I just completed teaching a romance writing course for Wow! Women On Writing, and I have a different class, about how to strengthen your fiction, that will start on September 16th. The site takes 20 percent commission, but I factor that in when I set the price of my classes. I have been teaching for Women On Writing since 2016, and the extra income is well worth the small bit of time it takes to review student assignments. Sites like Women On Writing and Savvy Authors are always scouting for high-quality teachers, and once you pass their application process, you set the times you want to teach around your schedule. Plus, the material belongs to you, and you can use it as often as you’d like, whether it’s four times a year or only once. Â  CreativeLive is also open to new instructors, but these are recorded classes, which might be another interesting path to take. There is a short learning curve to teaching an online class, and it’s always beneficial to take one yourself before becoming the teacher. Become accustomed to the flow of the class to determine what you like and don’t like about particular ways of teaching. You’ll find your own way to present your information to students. You might also want to take this free course so you can learn to teach online. Once you’ve been teaching for a while, you could even try your hand at places like Udemy and Skillshare which offer video-based courses and a chance for you to earn even more money, though the learning curve at these sites has a bit of a wider arc. Finally, as a bonus, once you’re tired of a written course or don’t have the desire to teach it anymore, you can turn the classes into articles to sell. Most will need basic restructuring before you submit them for possible publication.

Essay about Maths Assignment task 1

Essay about Maths Assignment task 1 Essay about Maths Assignment task 1 Table of Boys Randomly Selected BOY NUMBER RANDOM NUMBER X 200 ROUNDED UP NUMBER AGE (YRS) HEIGHT (CM) WEIGHT (KG) 1 9.1 9 9 138 47.9 2 11.3 11 14 179 56.46 3 21.4 21 12 135 47.28 4 31.8 32 10 137 47.69 5 39.9 40 11 114 42.89 6 45.8 46 9 138 49.9 7 57.1 57 12 163 53.12 8 65.5 66 14 174 55.42 9 78.6 79 9 146 49.57 10 86.1 86 16 170 54.58 11 97.9 98 16 183 57.3 12 110.2 110 14 155 51.45 13 123.2 123 10 140 48.32 14 136.8 137 12 156 51.66 15 162.3 162 13 145 49.36 16 163.4 163 13 169 54.37 17 163.9 164 11 152 50.83 18 177.6 178 15 175 55.63 19 179.9 180 15 175 55.63 20 188.6 189 15 184 57.51 MEAN = 3, 014 20 = 150.7 MEDIAN = 155 + 156 2 = 155.5 (114,138,135,137,138,140,145,146,155,156,152,163,169,170,174,175,175,179,183,184) The results are similar so it is understood that the calculations are correct. Table of girls randomly selected GIRL NUMBER RANDOM NUMBER X 200 ROUNDED UP NUMBER AGE (YRS) HEIGHT (CM) WEIGHT (KG) 1 7.9 8 11 154 51.24 2 17.3 17 11 146 49.57 3 26.4 27 12 150 50.41 4 38.1 38 12 160 52.5 5 67 67 13 162 52.91 6 68.2 68 13 151 50.62 7 74.7 74 13 162 52.91 8 81.9 82 12 160 52.5 9 82.8 82 12 154 51.24 10 95 95 11 154 51.24 11 107.3 107 9 152 50.83 12 112.1 112 15 156 51.66 13 149.7 150 11 158 52.08 14 154.6 154 15 159 52.29 15 156 156 10 133 46.86 16 168.4 168 12 139 48.11 17 173.4 173 12 162 52.91 18 183 183 12 156 51.66 19 193.4 193 14 165 53.54 20 199.1 199 13 155 51.45 MEAN = 3,088 20 = 154.4 MEDIAN = 155 + 156 2 = 155.5 (133,139,146,150,151,152,154,154,154,155,156,156,158,159,160,160,162,162,162,165) The results are similar so it is understood that the calculations are correct. MATHS ASSIGNMENT TASK 1 STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION hypothesis I am hoping to find that boys are taller than girls. Plan I will ensure that my plan and chosen sampling method is satisfactory wth my maths tutor. I will collect a fair sample of 20 boys and 20 girls. In order for the sample to be unbiased, I will use random sampling to generate random numbers from 1 to 200. I will not use the same child twice, nor with incomplete data. I will then use the sample to calculate the average height of boys and girls to test my hypothesis. Sampling method – random sampling I wll use a calculator to generate random numbers by doing the following: press shift Ran # to generate a number. Press = to continually obtain further random numbers. Numbers from 1-200 are required, so I will use the following: Press shift Ran # multiplied by 200. I will then round each number up or down accordinally to produce a whole number. That is then the number of the child whose data I will highlight and use. Calculations by being able to find the average height of boys and girls I am able to find 1 figure that represents the boys and 1 figure that represents the girls. By doing this it will allow me to compare the heights effectively. The method I will use to find the average (mean) height of both boys and girls is: mean for boys = total number of heights (boys) number of boys = cm to 1 decimal place mean for girls = total number of heights (girls) number of girls = cm to 1 decimal place in order to check that I have the correct methods of calculations I will use another type of average to check the mean calculations. Median is the middle value when all of the heights are arranged in order of sze. The mean and median averages are similar so I will assume that my calcualtions are correct. For example if the middle numbers are 151 and 152 then the formula used is: 151 / 152 = median = 151 + 152

GDP Is Not Enough Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GDP Is Not Enough - Research Paper Example This paper provides an annotated bibliography for the topic GDP is not enough (Adam, 2009). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the net value of all final production of goods and services in a country. GDP is often measured and calculated in three ways: first, is summing up of all the incomes and profits received from goods and services produced in a country; second is summing up of all expenditures incurred in the production of goods and services i.e. adding up of money earned from exports and deducting all that is used on importation; lastly is summing up all the value added by capital and labor in situations where inputs are procured from other producers and converted into output. GPD accounts only for the flow experienced in an economy thus excluding stocks, wealth and capital investment as this do no account for direct financial transactions, where change of money occurs (Buxton, 2002). Gross Domestic product basically calculates the economic activities with nation’s b orders while Gross National Product (GNP) is concerned with the gross income of the citizens in that country. GNP sums up interests, rates, rents, profits and dividends paid out by outsiders. Policy makers are often much interested with the economic activity level thus making GDP to be more preferred. Although not accurate in an extended period of time, GDP offers a complete snapshot of the economy. It offers a summary of the entire range of economic information into a single number, thus reflecting on comparative weaknesses and strengths of various economic sectors. It is a precise In most cases, an increase in economic growth is often accompanied by equal increase in both income and employment. GDP therefore seeks to estimate such changes in economic and social welfare. However, it can only give a precise figure of certain other contributing factors remain constant. Economic analysts believe that GDP reflects on the general welfare so precise enough to assume it as an equivalent m easure on welfare. However, critics such as think tank Redefining Progress (discussed below) believe that GDP does not reflect concisely the total utility measures (Chien, 2010). Traditionally, economists have been using GDP measure to approximate the economic progress. An increases in GDP value meant the particular country is progressing. Consequently, a fall in GDP meant that the particular nation is rapidly ceding ground. From a strict arithmetical aspect, DGP offers a straight forward indicator to economic wellness. However to a common man, GDP statistics can be deceiving. To counter this ambiguity, Redefining Progress- social think tank came up with the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) in 1995. This idea was nurtures as an alternative to the convectional GDP as a parameter for estimating the economic and social wellbeing of a country. The two indicators are based on a common personal consumption data baseline. However, GPI unlike GDP gives adjustment factors and variables that represent both monetary and non monetary aspects of the country’s economy. The adjustment categories can be grouped into the following categories; Personal consumption: this baseline gives similar data input similar to what is used in GDP measurement. Income Distribution; under this, GPI is scaled upward when a higher percentage of a country’

DNA Practical Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DNA Practical - Lab Report Example One purine pair with one Pyrimidine with hydrogen bond to make the double stranded DNA. Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) with double H-bond and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) through triple H-bond. Isolation procedure requires disruption of cells so that the cell content comes out, followed by sedimentation of the cellular debris on application of centrifugal force and to collect the DNA from the supernatant. These DNA fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis. The process encompasses separation, based on their size, the pore size of the gel, the voltage gradient applied and the salt concentration of the buffer. Larger pore size is for the separation of fragments larger than 500- 1000 bp and smaller pore of agarose gels are used to resolve fragments smaller than 1000 bps and can be visualized. The technique of electrophoresis is based on the fact that since DNA contains phosphate group, it is negatively charged at the neutral pH. When electric potential is applied, it moves towards the positive terminal. The solidified agarose gel is inserted into the electrophoresis chamber and is just covered with buffer. The DNA sample is mixed with the loading buffer and then pipette in the sample wells. On application of the current DNA migrates towards positive (red colored) electrode. The distance DNA has migrated in the gel can be judged by visually monitoring migration of the tracking dyes. After adequate migration, DNA fragments are visualized by ethidium bromide. This is a fluorescent dye and it intercalates between the bases of DNA and RNA. It is incorporated in the gel so that staining occurs during electrophoresis. Bands appear on the gel and can be visualized. Results: Part 1 A fluffy white layer was formed at the boundary between the green and the purple liquids when the ethanol was added. It was made up of fine filaments. Part 2 After putting the electrical current, strands of the DNA become visible to the naked eye. It becomes like stains, or bands, on the gel. Discussion NaCl removes protein and carbohydrate in DNA and also act as lysing buffer. NaCl contains Na+ which binds with the negatively charged phosphate molecule of the DNA. It also stabilizes the pH and process the density of DNA. Washing liquid reduces the acidity of solution and remove CO2. Detergents remove the interfering cells and are used as a substitute for the chemical compound that is capable of damaging the cell wall and membrane. They act as emulsifying agents and can digest compound that causes stiffness of polymeric cells. Endiamin tetra ethyl acetate (EDTA) serves to remove the Mg+2 ion and proven enzymes which can damage cellular DNA, it protects the DNA from DNAse. It interrupts the interaction of polar cell membrane and unites as detergent. Gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool for the separation of macromolecules with different sizes and charges. DNA molecules have an essentially constant charge per unit mass thus they separate in agarose, based on the size, smaller the size more distance it can travel and larger the size of the DNA less it can travel. Increasing the concentration of a gel reduces the migration speed and enables separation of smaller DNA molecules. The

Bloom Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bloom Energy - Research Paper Example Even though one can view energy in relation to the full functioning of urban areas, this analysis may focus on the energy features of a contemporary urban settlement, such as Delaware. Bloom Energy, through its revolutionary effort with fuel cell technology, aspires to aid businesses and homes in fueling their own automobiles and producing their own power, giving light and electricity to outlying communities and even decreasing dependence on existing electricity grids. The technology at the core Bloom Energy’s aim to support the environment and the planet was initially designed for utilization in deep space (Schenker 2009). K.R. Sridhar, the co-founder and CEO of Bloom Energy, received a request from NASA to formulate a way to make Mars suitable for human habitation. His original plan was an instrument that would utilize Martian water and solar energy to power a reactor cell that produced hydrogen to fuel vehicles and oxygen to breathe (Schenker 2009). The plan formed a brilliant idea in Sridhar. If the reaction will be reversed, putting fuel and oxygen into the cell to produce power, he could transform the way people produced and used energy. He created the prototype of his purported Bloom Boxes to perform the reaction reversal, but required a lot more effort to make the mechanism reversible (Schenker 2009). In that manner, when attached to a source of renewable energy like solar panel, the Bloom Boxes produce and amass oxygen and hydrogen. And when the renewable energy source disappears, it shifts direction and utilizes the amassed gases to produce current. As disclosed by Sridhar, â€Å"I quit doing my NASA work because I believe this particular technology can change the world. Just like developing nations leapfrogged over fixed telephony to mobile, we think our technology will allow developing nations to do the same thing for

The Implementation of K+12 Essay Example for Free

The Implementation of K+12 Essay The current System of Education in the Philippines is in the brink of extinction, for a new Education System is being proposed. The existing system of 6 years in Elementary, and 4 years in Secondary before entering Tertiary is being challenged. In fact, a major reform in the Education System is on the horizon, and this shall radically change the way Filipinos are educated. Many queries arise because of the new system. Students, parents and even educators doubt the effectiveness of the K+12. Contrarily, the Department of Education does not want to be stopped and is determined to pursue the program. On a reform as massive as this, it is expected that the opinions of the people are divided; after all, it depends in the K+12 on how the Education of the country will progress. It is proper then that the public be educated about the issue. Parents must know about this because in it depends the Education of their child; students must know about this because in it depends the way on how they would be educated; and educators must know about this because in it depends how they’ll educated the students. The purpose of this essay is straightforward: to inform the public about the issue and present my arguments regarding the K+12. I will embark upon the effectiveness of the implementation of K+12, not necessarily the effectiveness of K+12 as a system. In Education lies the future of a society; it is appropriate then that the students be educated properly, because their individual as well as societal growth depends in it. (MJ Flores)

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children The effects of domestic violence on children and how they could be protected 2. Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction This thesis highlights the instances of domestic violence at home and its effects on children. The social, psychological, physical and emotional impact of domestic violence could be studied from a broad perspective although domestic violence has a significant effect on children and especially in their psychological development and the way they react to their social world at a later stage of life. The thesis discusses how children could be protected from domestic violence and what are the measures that the government or social organizations could take to control or stop domestic violence. The description of domestic violence in all dimensions is followed by an analysis of the different types of domestic violence and who are the people affected by domestic violence or how domestic violence could have an impact on the children. The long term and short term influences of domestic violence are studied after a careful analysis of research papers. 3. Chapter 2 2.1 Background Domestic violence is threatening behavior or some sort of violence or abuse between adults who are or were in relationships as also violence between family members and could affect anyone irrespective of gender, age, ethnicity or sexuality. Domestic violence could be psychological or physical, sexual or emotional or even financial. It could range from forced marriage and genital mutilation to physical abuse and assault. Domestic violence usually takes place within intimate family type relationships and could form a pattern of coercive and controlling behavior in which one family member of partner tries to control the other family members or partner. Domestic violence can mean a range of behaviors and some may not be typically violent and could fall under domestic abuse. Research has indicated that one in four women face domestic violence in their lifetime and usually happens when the abuser has a desire for power and control over their partner. Domestic violence can be life threateni ng and could be harmful to the lives of men and women if their partners are engaged in repetitive violence. Domestic violence is mainly carried out by men and experienced by women although it could be the other way round and there could be repeated physical or sexual assaults and this could result in injury or death. It has been projected that men could be violent towards their partners or might face violence although women get violent as an attempt towards self defence as they try to move out of controlling behavior. Domestic violence has a direct adverse effect on the children in a family and more than 75% children are considered at risk when they have abusive parents in their family. Children are also sometimes abused by the family member. Domestic violence exists within all kinds of relationships and in some cases older children could get violent or abusive towards their parents and so the equation between the parent and child could be abusive both ways and in either case there are possibilities of domestic violence. Some common factors have been identified in defining the experiences of abusive relationships and identifying these factors could help in preventing the abuse. Domestic violence could take many forms of destructive criticism and verbal abuse as in threatening, mocking, abusing and name calling. Abusers also use pressure tactics and could give threats or could break trust by being in other relationships or withhold information, show disrespect or could subject their victim to isolation and harassment. Physical and sexual violence are the usual forms of domestic violence although verbal attacks are most common. Domestic violence could affect anyone regardless of age, gender or social background or ethnicity and it could happen at any stage of a relationship and incidents of domestic violence could become increasingly severe over time. Domestic abuse is a result of the desire for power or control and could directly cause or be caused by individual experiences. The responses of society are contributory factors in domestic violence although men can easily get away with it. Domestic violence would have direct impact on children and there could be both long term and short term impact on children. Developmental perspectives could consider direct or indirect abuse effects on infants and adolescents, school age children and teenagers. The next part of the review highlights domestic violence and its impact on children as noted in literature review and research studies. The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children 2.2 Developmental Perspective 2.3 Short and Long term impact 2.4 Impact of intimate partner abuse on Children The developmental perspectives of domestic violence could be studied by measuring the impact of violence on children, infants, toddlers, adolescents and teenagers and would also suggest how the impact differs in each case. The short and long term impact of domestic violence could also be analyzed and in case of children the long term effects are usually mental illness or psychological problems, chronic health problems and in some cases poverty and homelessness. Developmental Perspectives Kennedy et al (2010) studied the clinical and adaptive features of juvenile offenders who were violent towards their parents and compared this with children who had no history of violence against their parents and the groups were compared on mental health issues, relation ship findings and intellectual abilities. Children who face domestic abuse are more likely to show gang behaviors and could have trouble relating to parents and other members. There were no significant differences noted in emotional symptoms and in personal adjustments. In the context of domestic violence, Lapierre (2010) studied mothering and womens experience of mothering and how this was related to domestic violence. There seems to be a lack of research on womens experiences in mothering in the context of domestic violence and this study highlights the difficulties that abused women face during mothering. The author argued that motherhood itself could pose a challenge as difficulties of interaction arise within broader situations. Women have at the same time increased responsibilities to motherhood and loss of control over their children and therefore this would be a major challenge. Mothers are required to be vocal about their concerns as intimate partner violence faced by mothers would affect not just them but also the well being of their children ho may be exposed to the violence and its after effects (Rhodes et al, 2010). In a study with 39 adult women, mothers raised concerns on the negative effects of partner violence on their children. In discussions on the barriers to prevent violence and abuse by partners, the victims expressed their conflicts and how children could facilitate and inhibit leaving of an abusive relationship as the mothers could worry that children will be adversely affected if they remain in a violent family but could also be affected if they stay away from a family environment. This suggests that victims with children were always very conflicted as children could both facilitate and inhibit leaving relationships that are abusive. Mothers are thus in conflict as to whether they should spare their children from harmful effects of violence and leave or whether they should spare their children from any instability caused by separation or divorce. The mothers also suggested that fear of involvement of child protection services prevented them from seeking help with social service agencies. Social service agencies will have to understand the conflicts faced by mothers and should be able to help them. There could be individual differences and personality patterns that would suggest why some children show unstable behavior when exposed to domestic violence and why some other children are more resilient (Howell, et al 2010). Resilience was characterised by emotional regulation and prosocial skills, and was studied by a research group who observed mothers and their 4 to 6 year old children. The study suggested that better parenting, fewer maternal mental health problems and less severe exposure to violence could predict better emotional regulation and prosocial skills and this was negatively correlated with maladaptive child behaviors. Gardner noted the experience of children who live in families affected by domestic violence and collected information on children who continued to remain in parental home after child maltreatment (Gardner et al, 2009). There is a high policy oriented interest in domestic violence and is an important aspect of child mal treatment concerns. There are how ever several challenges inherent in the interaction of domestic violence and this could affect outcomes of how children are treated by family members and social service agencies. Short Term and Long Term consequences of domestic violence Domestic violence now has greater recognition in public policies in the United Kingdom. Devaney (2009) suggests that more than 1 million children may have been exposed to domestic violence that are perpetrated by adults family members. This sort of violence could have short term and long term consequences and could affect the social and emotional adjustment of the children. As male perpetrators of domestic violence are not held to account, the children will have to be given special care and protection by social services. It is however suggested that it is the women s responsibility to protect their child from any harm and this is done when they either leave or force their partner to leave. Devaney suggests that the women of the household are held responsible for having to protect their children and typically they are expected to leave or force their partners to leave and women are also responsible for making men realize their responsibilities as father and also by making them account able for their behavior. External environment, the causes and immediate correlates of psychological problems in children are considered although Carrell and Hoekstra (2010) suggested that measuring data could have its methodological limitations. However the authors tried to correlate childrens school records with cases of domestic violence to estimate the negative effects of domestic abuse. The results from the study indicated that children from troubled families could have decreasing grades and along with falling grades there is a possibility of misbehavior in the classroom. Achievement scores are however affected by family differences so domestic violence could not be the only factor for determining grades but the family environment is also important. In many cases when women face domestic violence at home they are asked to stay with their husbands for the children. Although Emery (2009) suggests that the concept of marriage could benefit men, women and children. The relationship between marital stability, husband violence, and childrens behavior problems was studied and the married women who reported husband violence also indicated child behavioural problems although this negative behavior reduced when violence was controlled. Witnessing, participating or being subject to domestic violence would all have negative consequence and especially adverse consequences for children. There are socio demographic correlates of children who witness domestic violence and this could have an association with mental disorders both as children and as adults (Meltzer et al, 2009). The traumatic effects of experiencing domestic violence were found to be related to biographic, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics and the report stated that at least 4% of children are regularly subject to domestic abuse. The factors hat could cause greater likelihood of domestic violence would be mixed ethnicity, physical disorder, several children in family, divorced parents, living in rented accommodation, poor neighbourhoods, the mothers emotional state and family dysfunction. A greater likelihood of the child witnessing domestic violence has been associated with conduct disorder although this was not associated with emotiona l disorders and there has been an association of domestic violence and emotional disorders so that with witnessing of domestic violence social workers and policy makers could identify the needs of the children who witness domestic violence. Impact of Domestic Violence on Children Young people caught in negative family experiences could be adversely affected by gap in knowledge of issues related to domestic abuse (Templeton et al 2009). Young people sometimes create the circumstances they live in and in the study by Templeton 8 young people were interviewed from five families (Templeton et al 2009). It has been suggested that research in which the opinion of young people are taken directly would be needed and in this case data from five families helped understand the lives of young people who lived with parental alcohol misuse and violence. Links have been found between parental drinking and domestic abuse with verbal aggression and physical violence. The young people noted a range of strategies in which they tried to cope with their home environments and one of the ways they received support was from friends, family and other professionals. The practice and policy responses for children living in family environments will have to be changed significantly. It has been suggested that intimate partner violence is not just a distinct and unitary phenomenon and could be differentiated according to partner dynamics, context and consequences and the four patterns of violence described are coercive controlling violence, violent resistance, situational couple violence and separated instigated violence (Kelly et al, 2008). Gender symmetry and asymmetry in intimate partner violence could be studied although there would be methodological limitations. Differentiation in the different types of domestic violence would be possible with procedures as explained in family, criminal courts with characteristics of different types of partner violence. Parenting plans tend to ensure outcomes for children and parent child relationships. Spilsbury et al (2008) discussed adjustment problems in community program samples with the school children being exposed to domestic violence. Children with internalizing and externalizing problems are the majority in domesti c violence cases although children could also have externalizing problem without internalizing problem. However there are a small group of children with internalizing problems only. The demographic and violence characteristics showed that profiles of domestic violence and children affected by it could differ by child gender, mothers education, childrens lifetime exposure to violence and contacts with community programs (Spilsbury et al, 2008). When children are exposed to domestic violence the focus becomes child neglect according to jurisdictions and DAmbrosio (2008) suggests that not all domestic violence is the same and not all families are affected with domestic violence issues. The several factors of domestic violence could be the frequency and intensity of violence, the frequency and intensity of childs exposure to violence, the family members unique experiences and characteristics. The parents who participate in counselling services help in the promotion of health and safety of their children and also support removal of children from any exposure to domestic violence. Child protection agencies examines domestic violence and also helps in mitigating the effects of childs exposure to domestic violence and in some cases could provide an opinion for or against removal of children from homes exposed to domestic violence. In advanced welfare states, the abuse of mothers by their adolescent male children has been found to be prevalent (Hunter et al, 2010). However as Hunter el al claim, mother to child abuse remains a very under researched form of family and domestic violence and not much is studied about child to parent violence and usually it is the other way round. There are issues of stigma or shame when children are violent with their parents and studies on this usually focus on the interventions that could deal with anti social behavior and adolescent violence towards mothers is a prevalent issue. This brings in the different disciplines of youth justice, child welfare and domestic violence into focus and the behavior of children and young people towards their mother could highlight issues of responsibility. However there is also a failure of service providers to respond to such destructive forms of intimate interpersonal violence. In another study that showed resilience among children who were exposed to domestic violence, mother-child dyads were examined when the children were 2-4 years of age. The study suggested that the young children who were exposed to domestic violence were more likely than the other group who were not exposed to domestic violence to show symptoms of internalizing and externalizing problems (Martinez-Torteya, 2009). However among the children who were exposed to domestic violence, 54% showed positive adaptation and non depressed mothers and thus greater resilience when compared with their non resilient counterparts. Domestic violence on a prolonged basis was associated with maternal depression, difficult child temperament and internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Heterogeneous outcomes among children exposed to domestic violence would involve influence on childrens adaptation. The perspectives of individuals and their relationships with each other and their lives and identity have been examined by Castelino (2009) and the focus was on family violence intervention programs. The study was on mens behavior change as they worked closely with their partners or children for their own safety. Within this organizational context, the childrens experiences at home with domestic violence have not been explored and although there is a framework for engaging in therapeutic work, the context of family violence tends to highlight work exploring safety and well being along with the complexity of family environment. The childrens experiences in domestic violence situations have been considered as significantly important. Berrick (2009) has argued that child welfare in the US is in a state of crisis and intense family problems such as drug addiction, domestic violence and criminal behavior bring greater problems to child behavior. When children are however removed from thei r homes they could be in a state of impermanence or transience without being in a stable family. Childrens well being and health should not be compromised in extended family relationships and the governments role is important in defining the vulnerability of childrens lives. Children are prevented from ill-treating their parents and this is done by placing them with carers also as Berrick argues these carers may not meet the qualifications for providing adequate care. However the primary mission of children would be an emphasis on protecting children who have been harmed by parents. The impact of exposure to domestic violence could be studied in terms of effects on health and well being of children and young people and Holt (2008) studied the impact of domestic violence across separate and interrelated domains as in domestic violence exposure and child abuse, impact on parental capacity, impact on child and adolescent development and exposure to additional adversities (Holt, 2008). The practices that would best suit childrens needs have also been highlighted. Holts study used databases through an 11 year framework and the results suggested that children and adolescents living with domestic violence could face increased risks of emotional and behavioural problems and could experience physical and sexual abuse with the presence of adverse conditions at home. The protective factors that could possibly reduce the impact of domestic violence on children would a strong and supportive relationship with one parent and in most cases it is the mother who provides support to children who may be facing emotional problems although in some cases the children are best removed from the home and given separate shelters by the social service providers. Children and young people are affected emotionally and behaviourally when they face domestic violence and the effects could be long term and would continue to ensure safety of the children. Children also construct their own social world and timely and individualized personalized responses have been considered as more appropriate. Timely and appropriate individually tailored responses to build resilience in the childs life could mean significant implications for responses. The relationship between domestic violence and different forms of child abuse show that exposure to domestic abuse could have different levels of impact on children and some children are more vulnerable than others and there could be potentially very harmful emotional, behavioural and physical effects in such children. The protective factors that could influence impact of exposure and outcomes for the child would suggest the need for a holistic child centred approach to service delivery and for this there is a need to focus on the assessment as well as the need to understand the individual childs experience and how it would be necessary to be responsive to the childs individual needs. Chang et al (2008) studied the association of partner psychological abuse and child maltreatment after using a sample of mothers with children aged 0-17 years and the mothers were asked about the occurrence of neglectful or abusive behaviors towards their children or abusive behavior by their husbands and partners. Outcome measures for abuse could range from no abuse to mother as perpetrator, father as perpetrator, to both parents as perpetrators. The results indicated that children were at greater risk of maltreatment when parents psychologically abused each other although some factors which affected children were mothers level of education, child age and gender. When the father of the family abuses the mother, the impact on children is greater than when there is no psychological abuse. Partner psychological abuse is thus strongly related to maltreatment of the children and an increased risk of maltreatment was found with partner psychological abuse. Prevention of abuse is only poss ible with education about the serious impact of partner violence. Domestic violence and child welfare agencies should be aware of the link between partner psychological abuse and child maltreatment (Chang et al, 2008) and work towards identifying and alleviation of these problems. How professionals protect children from domestic violence. 2.5 Different services or interventions that can protect children Several social work and social service agencies are responsible for taking care of children especially children who are abused and the different interventions that can protect children from domestic violence highlight not just the complexities of social work practice but also child behavior. In a study by Healey and Darlington (2009), it was suggested that participation of children and parents in child protection service could be complex and sensitive in social work practice as children and parents would have different issues in child protection cases and could voice varied concerns. In most cases participation would be separate and distinct. Child protection policies are closely associated with prevention of domestic abuse and promoting direct participation of children is a sensitive issue in social work practice. The child protection legislation policies promote ideals of service user participation although the principles and methods of achieving participatory practices in child protection will have to be elaborated and identified. However as Healey (2009) claim, the methods for participating in child protection services are not well developed. Child protection could refer to child and family welfare services and the prevention of child abuse, including through domesti c abuse and possible neglect and the social service agencies seem to have a responsibility in protection of children in all contexts . The services included in child protection are family support, domestic violence, statutory child protection, child and family advocacy services and a participatory practice in child protection. A qualitative analysis of interviews with child protection services show five domains of child protection work and core principles of participatory practice as given by Healey et al, (2009). The potential of social workers to shift from child protection to child welfare practice would show how social workers respond to child care problems (CCPs). Hayes and Spratt (2009) examined the potential of social workers from child protection to child welfare practice orientation and related child care problems. Social service trusts have usually responded to social policy goals to balance the protection of children and meeting welfare needs through reducing child protection investigations. Social workers tend to address perceived child protection risks and tend to balance social policing and supportive functions in practice as given in Every Child Matters (Chief Secretary to the Treasury, 2003) Ferguson (2009) highlighted the core experience of doing social work and the emotions and challenges of accessing children in social services. The methodology of child protection suggests that home visit is ignored and the emphasis is on policy and practice texts that happens in inter agency collaboration. The primary problem in contemporary child protection services for social workers would be the process of meaningfully engage with children. The practice through sociology and psychodynamic social work theory provides an understanding of social work experience. The concept of containment suggest ways in which practitioners could provide child protection for the benefit of children and other service users. 2.6 Barriers to services- and how children can overcome that. Services and interventions that can protect children include social work child protection services, and some of the barriers to service in child protection would be lack or shortage of resources and lack of understanding how child protection works. Barriers to service could also be about lack of cooperation and the children could overcome the barriers by actively cooperating with the social services and the parents and children should be able work together to cooperate in child protection issues. All risks will have to be identified and the children and parents and other relevant service users will have to ensure that social services agencies are able to provide the right kind of protection to the children. If the children have problems with custody or staying at a place with high levels of domestic violence, the social services may well take legal help to have them relocated to other shelters which would be safer for the children if the home environment is not safe enough. 4- Chapter 3 3.1 Limitation or findings- Critiquing the researchers about good and bad on their findings according to their aims. 5. Chapter 4 4.1 Discussion 4.2 Conclusion